Term
| Science (Define and name four reasons why it is important) |
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Definition
“A systematic method for the acquisition of knowledge”
- Objective
- Controlled observations
- Replicable
- Contributes to theory building
- Data-based
- Agreed upon vocabulary (Operational Definitions) |
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Term
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| Systematic process of collecting and logically analyzing information for some purpose |
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| "Methods used to summarize, analyze, or make inferences from data" |
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Definition
| quantifiable information gathered through measurement or observation of behavior or events (controlled; objective; replicable?). |
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Definition
| show relationships between variables |
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Definition
| make inferences about population or sample |
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| "empirical, observational, archival, anecdotal" |
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Definition
| the total set of individuals of interest |
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| set of individuals selected from the population of interest (Subjects; Participants) |
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| Six Types of Sampling Plans |
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Definition
| "Random, Stratified Random, Volunteers, Convenience, Purposive, Systematic" |
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Term
| What are the key to making generalizations about the population? |
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Definition
| representation and sample size |
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Term
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Definition
| "ÒA characteristic, influence, or condition that can take on different values at different times, in different contexts, or for different people" |
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| variables that are manipulated |
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| variables that measured or observed for change |
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| "variables that effect outcome, but not intended for study (threats to validity)" |
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Term
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Definition
| "one that consists of separate, indivisible categories; no values exist between data points (age in years)" |
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| "one that has an infinite number of possible values(e.g., age in general - - divisible to into days, hours, minutes, seconds)." |
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| "A characteristic that does not change, but is the same for every individual." |
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| "An exploratory question of interest (e.g., I wonder whether there is a relationship between these variables)" |
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| A prediction about the relationship between variables. |
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| prediction of no relationship |
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| prediction of a specific relationship |
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| "Hypothetical concepts used in theories to organize observations (e.g., intelligence, self-concept)" |
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Term
| characteristics of Nominal Scale |
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Definition
| Data categories are mutually exclusive (can only belong to one category) |
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| characteristics of Ordinal Scale |
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Definition
| Data categories are mutually exclusive, have some logical order (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and are scaled according to amount of characteristic. |
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Term
| characteristics of Interval (Equal Unit Scale) |
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Definition
| Data categories are mutually exclusive, have a logical order, are scaled according to amount of characteristic they possess. Equal differences in the characteristic is represented by equal differences in numbers assigned. No absolute zero. |
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Definition
| Data categories are mutually exclusive, have a logical order, are scaled according to amount of characteristic they possess. Absolute zero. Equal differences in the characteristic is represented by equal differences in numbers assigned. |
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Term
| Characteristics of normal curve |
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Definition
| "bell-shaped, symmetrical, asymptotic, continuous" |
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| Skewness of Mean > Median > Mode |
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| Skewness of Mean < Median < Mode |
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Definition
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| "positive kurtosis, peaked distribution" |
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Definition
| "kurtosis is 0, has the slope of a normal curve" |
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Definition
| flat/broad distruction with more extreme scores than normal and the remaining scores more evenly distributed than normal |
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Definition
| "A statistic that identifies a single score that represents the typical performance of a population (mean, median, mode)" |
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| "Midpoint of frequency distribution, 50th percentile" |
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Definition
| most frequently occuring case |
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