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| a set of individuals selected from a population, usually intended to represent the populations in a research study |
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| a value that describes a sample |
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| the set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study |
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| the set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study |
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| a value that describes a population; derives from measurements of the individuals in the population |
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| mathematical procedures that simplify data |
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| techniques that allow that studying of samples and a way to make generalizations about the population from which they were selected |
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| set of categories; doesn't make any quantitative distinctions between observations |
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| set of categories that are organized in an ordered sequence; ranks observations in terms of size or magnitude (1st, 2nd, 3rd place) |
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| ordered categories that are all intervals of exactly the same size |
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| interval scale with the additional feature of an absolute zero |
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| the discrepancy, amount of error, that exists between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter |
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| what is being manipulated by the researcher |
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| the variable that is observed to assess the effect of treatment (independent variable) |
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| consists of separate, indivisible categories; gender, occupation, academic major, number of children |
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| an infinite number of possible values fall between any two observed values; time, height, weight |
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| organized tabulation of the # of individuals located in each category on the scale of measurement |
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| symmetrical; unimodal; mean=median=mode |
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| scores tend to pile up toward one end of the scale and taper off gradually; positive and negative skew |
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| statistical measure to determine a single score that defines the center of a distribution; mean, median, and mode |
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| everybody has an equal chance of being selected (random assignment); each person has an equal chance of being reselected (random with replacement) |
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| two different variables are observed to determine whether a relationship exists between the variables |
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| one variable is manipulated while another variable is observed and measured; tries to establish a cause-and-effect relationship |
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