Term
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Definition
| Objects described by a set of data |
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Definition
| Characteristics of an individual |
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Definition
| Observes individuals and measures variables of interest, no influence of responses. |
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Definition
| Variable that measures an outcome or result of a study |
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Term
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Definition
| (Observational Study) Studying population by studying specific members that represent the larger group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Entire group of individuals about which we want information |
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Definition
| Part of the population from which we collect information |
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Definition
| Sample survey that attempts to include entire population in sample |
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Definition
| Imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe responses |
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Term
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Definition
Study that favors certain outcomes. Consistent repeated deviation of the sample statistics from the population parameter in the same direction.
(To reduce bias, use random sampling) |
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Term
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Definition
| Selection of easiest to reach sample individuals |
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Term
| (2) Voluntary Response Sampling |
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Definition
| Individuals choose to respond to general appeal |
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Term
| (2) Simple Random Sample (SRS) |
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Definition
| Consists of n individuals from population chosen such that every set of n individuals have equal chance of being chosen |
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Term
| (2) Table of Random Digits |
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Definition
Each entry is equally likely to be digits 0-9
Entries are independent of each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Unknown number that describes the population |
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Term
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Definition
| Number that describes sample |
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Term
| (3) Variability (To reduce..) |
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Definition
Describes the spread of values in the sample statistic are. Large variability means results aren't repeatable.
(To reduce variability use a larger sample) |
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Term
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Definition
How close the sample statistic lies to population parameter
(1/(square root n) |
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Term
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Definition
| "We are 95% confidenct that the truth lies within the margin of error" |
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Term
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Definition
| Margin of Error + Level of Confidence |
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Term
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Definition
| What percentage of all possible samples satisfy the margin of error. |
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Term
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Definition
| Errors caused by act of taking sample. Sample Results are different from Census Results |
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Term
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Definition
| Errors caused by act of taking sample. Sample Results are different from Census Results |
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Term
| (4) Random Sampling Error |
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Definition
| Deviation between sample statistic and population parameter caused by change in selecting a random sample. MOE includes only RSE. |
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Term
| (4) Random Sampling Error |
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Definition
| Deviation between sample statistic and population parameter caused by change in selecting a random sample. MOE includes only RSE. |
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Term
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Definition
| Error not related to act of selecting sample from a population. Can be present in the census. |
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Term
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Definition
| Error not related to act of selecting sample from a population. Can be present in the census. |
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Term
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Definition
| List of individuals from which samples are drawn |
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Term
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Definition
| List of individuals from which samples are drawn |
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Term
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Definition
| When some groups in population are left out of the process of choosing the sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| When some groups in population are left out of the process of choosing the sample. |
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Term
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Definition
(Non-sampling Error) Mistakes in mechanical tasks.
e.i. Arithmetic or response entering |
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Term
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Definition
(Non-sampling Error) Mistakes in mechanical tasks.
e.i. Arithmetic or response entering |
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Term
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Definition
| (Non-sampling Error) When subject gives incorrect responses |
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Term
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Definition
| (Non-sampling Error) When subject gives incorrect responses |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to obtain data from individual selected for a sample |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to obtain data from individual selected for a sample |
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Term
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Definition
| Distinct groups of a sampling frame |
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Term
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Definition
| Distinct groups of a sampling frame |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Errors caused by act of taking sample. Sample Results are different from Census Results |
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Term
| (4) Random Sampling Error |
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Definition
| Deviation between sample statistic and population parameter caused by change in selecting a random sample. MOE includes only RSE. |
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Term
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Definition
| Error not related to act of selecting sample from a population. Can be present in the census. |
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Term
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Definition
| List of individuals from which samples are drawn |
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Term
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Definition
| When some groups in population are left out of the process of choosing the sample. |
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Term
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Definition
(Non-sampling Error) Mistakes in mechanical tasks.
e.i. Arithmetic or response entering |
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Term
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Definition
| (Non-sampling Error) When subject gives incorrect responses |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to obtain data from individual selected for a sample |
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Term
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Definition
| Distinct groups of a sampling frame |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Errors caused by act of taking sample. Sample Results are different from Census Results |
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Term
| (4) Random Sampling Error |
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Definition
| Deviation between sample statistic and population parameter caused by change in selecting a random sample. MOE includes only RSE. |
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Term
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Definition
| Error not related to act of selecting sample from a population. Can be present in the census. |
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Term
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Definition
| List of individuals from which samples are drawn |
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Term
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Definition
| When some groups in population are left out of the process of choosing the sample. |
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Term
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Definition
(Non-sampling Error) Mistakes in mechanical tasks.
e.i. Arithmetic or response entering |
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Term
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Definition
| (Non-sampling Error) When subject gives incorrect responses |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to obtain data from individual selected for a sample |
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Term
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Definition
| Distinct groups of a sampling frame |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Measures an outcome or result of a study |
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Term
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Definition
| Explains or causes changes in response variable |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals studied in an experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| Any specific experimental condition applied to the subjects |
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Term
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Definition
| Variable that has an important effect on the relationship among the variables in a study, but isn't one of the explanatory variables |
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Term
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Definition
| When effects of 2 variables cannot be distinguished from each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Experiments that study the effectiveness of medial treatments on actual patients |
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Term
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Definition
| Dummy treatment with no real ingredients (Response to dummy treatment) |
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Term
| (5) Randomized Comparative Experiment |
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Definition
| Experiment that has random assignment to two groups, and treatments |
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Term
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Definition
| Group that allows control for effects of lurking variables |
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Term
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Definition
| Using impersonal chance to assign subjects to treatments |
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Term
| (5) Statistical Significance |
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Definition
| Observed effect of a size that would rarely occur by chance |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the subjects don't know which treatment they're receiving |
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Term
| (6) Double Blind Experiment |
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Definition
| Neither testers nor subjects know which treatment is attributed to which group |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjects who participate but do not follow experimental treatments |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjects who participate but do not complete experiment |
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Term
| (6) Completely Randomized Design |
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Definition
| All experimental subjects are allocated at random among all the treatments |
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Term
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Definition
| Combines matching with randomization |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of experimental subjects that are known before the experiment to be similar |
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Term
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Definition
| Random assignment of subjects to treatments in a block |
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Term
| (7) Institutional Review Board |
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Definition
| That reviews study propositions to protect rights of subjects |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjects need to give this before data is collected |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual results cannot be given/released. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjects are given no names |
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Term
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Definition
| Assigning a number to represent the property of an object |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Used to give measurement value to record |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| If it is relevant or appropriate as a representation of that property |
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Term
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Definition
| A fraction, percentage, proportion at which something occurs is a more valid measure than a count of occurrences |
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Term
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Definition
| If it can be used to predict success on tasks that are related to property measured. |
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Term
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Definition
| If repeated measurements on same individual give different results. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mean of measurements, more reliable than gross data |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Surprisingly large/small numbers |
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