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| Gases, Water, other liquides, and microscopic particles of solids |
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| Layer of gases surrounding the Earth |
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| Responsible for clouds and precipitation |
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| Keeps the Earth warm and is used by plants to make food |
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| Solids such as dust, salt, pollen, and tiny acid droplets in the atmosphere |
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| The amount of water vapor in the air |
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| Affects how much moisture is in the air |
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| When the air is holding as much water vapor as it can |
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| A measure of the amount of water vapor present compared to the amount that could be held at a specific temperature |
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| Atmosphere layer from the surface to about 10 km;contains clouds and weather, most of the heat is from the Earth; temperature cools about 6.5 degrees Celcius per kilometer of altitude |
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| Atmosphere layer from 10 km to 50 km above the Earth, this layer contains ozone that absorbs much of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation |
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| Upper atmosphere layer; coldest with little ozone |
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| Upper atmosphere layer; warms as it filters out X-rays and gamma rays from the Sun |
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| Upper atmosphere layer; contains few atoms and extends into space without a clear boundary |
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| Makes up 70% of the Earth's surface |
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| Constant motion of water; never ending process |
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| Provides energy for the water cycle |
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| Changing of a liquid to a gas; occurs from all bodies of water |
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| Changing from a gas (water vapor) to a liquid |
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| Clouds of water become heavy and water falls to Earth |
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| Atmosphere's condition in terms of temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, and direction, humidity, and air pressure. |
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| Measure of how fast air molecules are moving |
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| Rapid movement of air molecules |
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| Slow movement of air molecules |
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| Transferred between fast-moving and slow moving molecules |
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| Transfer of energy when molecules collide |
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| Occurs when warm air rises and cool air sinks |
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| Air weight that varies over Earth's surface |
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| Less dense and exerts less pressure |
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| More dense and exerts more pressure |
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| Form when air rises, colls to its dew point, and becomes saturated |
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| Puffy clouds formed when air currents rise and carry moisture |
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| Layered dull, gray sheets that can cover the entire sky |
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| Low, dark, thick layers that hide the Sun |
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| Form at 2000 meters or less |
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| Form between 2000 meters and 8000 meters |
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| Prefix of middle clouds; these clouds produce precipitation |
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| High,layered clouds that can cover the sky |
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| Thunderstorm clouds; produce heavy precipitation |
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| Falling water in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail |
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| Air moving from one temperature or pressure area to another |
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| Deflected air moves to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere |
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| Include the trade winds near the equator, the prevailing westerlies from about 30 degrees latitude north andsouth of the equator, and the polar easterlies near the poles |
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| Bands of strong winds near the top of the troposphere at the northern and southern boundaries of the prevailing westerlies |
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| Large body of air that develops over a particular region; it acquires the haracteristics of the area over which it occurs |
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| Boundary between air masses |
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| Cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass and can cause a narrow band of viloent storms; temperatures drop |
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| Warm air mass slides up over a cold air mass; widespread precipitation develops |
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| Warm air mass and cold air mass meet but neither advances; cloudiness and precipitation result |
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| Fast moving cold front overtakes a slower moving warm front or vice versa; cloudy weather with precipitation |
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| Air sinks and spreads away from the high pressure center; mositure cannot rise and condense; usually dry with few clouds |
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| Air rises and cools forming clouds and precipitation |
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| Causes strong winds and heavy precipitation; can threaten property or life |
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| Develop from cumulonimbus clouds that form along cold fronts; can have strong wind, dangerous hail, lightning and thunder |
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| Violent, whirling wind that moves in a narrow path over land |
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| Large strrm that begins as an area of low pressure over tropical oceans; heat energy from mosit air is converted to wind that can reach speeds of 250 km/h |
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| Monitors weather and issues watches when severe weather is a potential threat and warnings when severe weather is an actual threat |
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