Term
| What is harmful and produces biologic changes in living tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Any part of the body is made of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Atoms that lose electrons become what? (hint: they now have a charge) |
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Definition
Positive ions.
As such, they are unstable and capable of interacting with (and damaging) other atoms, tissues, or chemicals. |
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Term
| The effects of radiation MAY not become evident until? |
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Definition
| Many years after the x-rays were absorbed. |
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Term
| The cumulative effect of radiation exposure can be compared to what? |
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Definition
| The cumulative effect from repeated exposure over the years to the rays of the sun. |
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Term
| X-rays damage both _____ and ______ cells. |
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Definition
genetic and somatic.
(Genetic: reproductive cells, passed onto succeeding generations. genetic mutation)
(Somatic: All other cells in the body. Can make you ill, but not passed on) |
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Term
| When dental radiographs are exposed, the _______ far outweighs the ______. |
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Definition
| benefit of disease detection, risk of biological damage |
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Term
| You should prescribe/use radiographs only for _______? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are allowed to take x-rays because of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The size of silver bromide crystals is the main factor in determining what? |
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Definition
| Film speed. The larger the crystals, the faster the film. |
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Term
| Fast film requires ____ exposure to produce a quality radiograph. |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiation used t produce dental radiographs has the capacity to cause damage to what? |
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Definition
| All types of living tissues. |
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Term
| What amount of exposure to radiation has the potential to cause biologic changes to the operator and the patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| The electrons remain stable in their orbit around the nucleus until what collides with them? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the process of ionization. |
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Definition
| When a x-ray's energy is strong enough to push an electron out of it orbit, thus producing an ion. |
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Term
| What does a cathode consist of? |
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Definition
| A tungsten filament (the negative side) |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cathode? |
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Definition
| To supply the electrons necessary to generate x-rays. |
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Term
| The _____ the filament becomes, the more ______ are produced. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ is the target for the electrons. (positive side) |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the tungsten target embedded? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the tungsten target do? |
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Definition
| It is the focal point and converts the bombarding electrons into x-ray photons. |
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Term
| Define primary radiation. |
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Definition
| The x-rays that come directly from the target of the x-ray tube |
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Term
| Define primary radiation. |
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Definition
| The x-rays that come directly from the target of the x-ray tube |
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Term
| Define secondary radiation. |
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Definition
| The x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter. |
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Term
| How does scatter radiation occur? |
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Definition
| It results when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path with interaction with matter. |
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Term
| What color do radiolucent structures appear on radiographs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What color do radiopaque structures appear in radiographs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the ideal contrast of a film |
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Definition
| One that clearly shows the radiopaque white of a metal restoration, the radiolucent black of air and the many shades of gray between. |
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Term
| What does higher kilovoltage produce? |
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Definition
| More penetrating x-rays and lower radiographic contrast |
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Term
| A 90 kVp setting requires _____ exposure time and produces a radiograph that has a ____ contrast. (more shades of gray) |
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Definition
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Term
| A 70 kVp setting requires a ______ exposure time and produces a radiograph with ______ contrast. (fewer shades of gray) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the overall blackness or darkness of a film |
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Term
| A radiograph with the correct ______ enables the dentist to view black areas (air spaces), white areas (enamel, dentin and bone) , and gray areas (soft tissues). |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the degree of density determined by? |
|
Definition
| Milliampere seconds (mAs) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Back scattered (secondary) radiation. (thin lead foil prevents this) |
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Term
| The _____ side is solid white and has the raised bump in one corner. When placed in the mouth the white side must face the teeth and tube head, and the raised dot side must be toward the incisal/occlusal surfaces. |
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Definition
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Term
| Processing containers that contain a hazardous ingredient must be what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ plane is the technical term for the midline. |
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Definition
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