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| the interaction between public policy and the economy |
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| People's attitudes, beliefs, expectations about what the government should do, who should participate, and what rules should govern the politcal game |
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| the traditionsal left-right spectrum in which liberal, or left leaning ideological positions are on the left side of the spectrum and conservative, or right leaning ideological positions are on the right side |
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| The provision in Article II, section 8, of the Constitution that grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate and international commerce |
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| National Supremacy Clause |
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| The provision in article VI of the COnstu=ition that makes the Constitution and all legislation passed under its authority the supreme law of the land. |
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| The powers specifically granted by Congress and/or the national government, more genrally by the Constitution |
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| A formal or informal allocation of authority betweent eh national government and one or more levels of subnational government. Responsibilities may be clearly divided or may be shared among levels of government |
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| A federal payment to a state or local government, or a state payment to a local government to carry out an activity or to runa program |
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| A political device that lets voters draft legislative proposals and, if they gather enough people's signatures, put their proposals on a ballot, where they can be decided directly by the people in a referendum |
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| A tightly knit party organization that controls the party's nominations for public office and controls many patronage jobs. |
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| An election held to choose nominees to compete for public office in the general election |
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| a political device that allows voters to remove from office, before his or her term ends; an offical who has invoked public displeasure. |
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| Such political tactics as group protests, civil disobedience, strikes, sit-ins, and political violence |
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| A city chief executive who is a professionally trained administrator picked by the city council and serves at the pleasure of the council |
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| The general purpose local government that is the basic geographic subdivision of the state and which usually plays a major role in administering many state programs |
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| The legal principle that city governemnt powers must be interpreted very narrowly. |
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| A general purpose form of local government, which in NY state in the major subdivision of a county |
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| A government that pperforms only a single specialized function, such as a waste control commision or the Tug Hill Commission. |
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| The theory of community power that sees communities as being run through the competition of various power centers |
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| The theory of community power that sees communities as being dominated mostly by affluent business leaders and other well connected members of society. |
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| Any organization of people that try to inflence government decisions. |
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| The tendency of all groups to become less democratic over time and to fall under the dominance of a small group of leaders. Bureaucratic oligachies compete for power (money) within political systems |
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| The interest group tactic of trying to influence any decision of a legislature, an elected offical, or any governemnt entity |
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| Political Action Committee (PAC) |
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| A group that collects money from various sources and uses it to make campaign contributions |
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| The sense among voters that their participation in politics can have some efftct. A non voter woudl have a low sense of efficacy. ("my vote doesn't count, so why does it matter?") |
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| A citizen that belongs in a representative's district. 'Servicing consituents' generally means responding to voter inquiries, requests, and complaints. |
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| An elected or appointed offical that serves in public office |
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| The obligation to vote and take part in political activities |
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| The law of a constitution delineating the basic rights of citizens |
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| A law enacted by State Legislature |
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| The process by which judges may declare a law to be unconstitutional |
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| to draw an electoral district in such a manner as to favor a particular political party in future elections. |
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| Redistrubtion, Extensive governemnt services, Preogressive taxes, Strong Governemtn, Strong citizen participation in government |
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| Distributive polices, minimal governemnt services, regressive taxes, weak government, limited citizen participation. |
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| The process of who gets what, when, and how |
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| necessary to keep the political system, the government, accountable to the people. |
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| What determines the size, scope, and character of local governemtn? |
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| Local political economies combined with local political culture. |
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| Findamental laws of a state and take precedence over statutory laws of the state. If the Statutory laws contradict the state constitution, judges wwill declare them unconstitutional and not enforce them in the courts. |
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| Problems with State Consitutions |
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| Tend to be too long and detailed and include too many statuatory provisions. Often Amended |
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| Adding to or changing its wording. Two Step Process initiation, then ratification. State Constutions are easier to amend then federal |
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| General prinicpal around constitutions |
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| may not set a lower standards of human rights than those established under US Constitutional Laws |
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| What influences public policy at the state level? |
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| Major mechanisms of fed control |
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| grants-in aid, court orders, preemptive legislation and mandates. |
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| Centers around issues that are very visible adn emotional, such as taxation, government services and social issues. |
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| Differnce between a city adn a village |
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| Cities are organized and governemed according to their charters, which can differ widely among cicites, while most villages are subject to a uniform statewide Village Law. |
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