Term
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Definition
artificial intelligence
area of computer science that deals with simulating human thought and behavior in computers |
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Term
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Definition
| represents data using technologies that can be set to one of two states, such as on or off, charged or not charged |
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Definition
| group of eight bits used to represent all types of useful data and information, such as characters, words, or sounds |
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Definition
| digital electronics device that combines hardware and software to accept the input of data, process and store the data, and produce some useful output |
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Definition
| telecommunications network that connects two or more computers for the purpose of sharing data, hardware, and software resources |
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Definition
computer-based information system
makes use of computer hardware and software, databases, telecommunications, people and procedures to manage and distribute digital information |
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Definition
| items stored on a digital electronics device (computer, etc.) including numbers, characters, sounds, music or graphics |
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Definition
| collection of data stored on a computer, organized to meet users' needs |
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Definition
| refers to technologies and devices based on digits (numbers) |
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Term
| digital electronics device |
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Definition
| device that stores and processes bits electronical |
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Definition
| process of transforming nondigital information, such as things you experience with your senses, into 1s and 0s |
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Definition
| sometimes called microcontrollers; special-purpose computers (typically an entire computer on one chip) that are embedded in electrical and mechanical device sin order to control them (ex: microwave?) |
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Definition
| bytes combined to represent a named collection of instructors or data stored in the computer or digital device |
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Definition
| individual who subverts computer security without authorization |
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Definition
| tangible components of a computer system or digital device |
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Definition
| data organized and presented in a manner that has additional value beyond the value of the data itself |
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Definition
| issues related to the protection of the components of an information system |
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Definition
| issues related to the components of a computer-based information system (CBIS) |
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Definition
| world's largest public computer network; a network of networks that provides a vast array of services to individuals, businesses and organizations around the world |
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Definition
| computer station that provides the public with specific and useful information and services |
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Definition
| sometimes called a chip or just a processor; combines microscopic electronic components on a single integrated circuit that processes bits according to software instructions |
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personal computer
general-purpose computer designed to accommodate the many needs of an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| computer's type, processor and operating system (OS) |
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Term
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Definition
| rules that allow two or more computers to communicate over a network |
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Definition
| powerful general purpose computer that provides information services to numerous users over a computer network |
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Definition
| handheld computer that includes cell phone capabilities, or a cell phone that includes handheld computer capabilities including Internet access |
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Definition
| electronic instructions that govern the computer system's functioning |
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Definition
| most powerful type of computer, using hundreds or even thousands of processors simultaneously to accomplish very difficult tasks |
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Definition
| to update the files shared between devices so that all copies are up to date and identical |
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Definition
| activity of creating new or modifying existing systems |
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Definition
| tools, materials, and processes that help solve human problems |
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Definition
| communications that take place electronically over a distance |
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Definition
voice over Internet protocol
allows phone conversations to travel over the Internet or other data networks |
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Term
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Definition
| popular wireless networking standard that connects computers to other computers, computer networks, and the Internet |
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Definition
World Wide Web
Internet service that provides convenient access to information through hyperlinks |
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Definition
arithmetic/logic unit
component of the CPU that contains the circuitry to carry out instructions, such as mathematical and logical operations |
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Term
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Definition
| number system that uses only two values, 0 and 1, and is used by computers and digital devices to represent and process data |
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Term
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Definition
| rewritable CD; a CD that can be rewritten numerous times just as you would a hard drive |
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Definition
central processing unit
group of integrated circuits that work together to perform the processing in a computer system |
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Definition
compact disk read-only memory
optical media that stores up to 700 MB of data |
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Definition
| part of the CPU that accesses and decodes program instructions, and coordinates the flow of data among various system components |
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Term
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Definition
| trend to merge multiple digital services in one device (ex: iPhone?) |
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Definition
digital video disc read-only memory
optical media that stores over 4.7 GB of data |
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Definition
| measure, in width by height, of the number of pixels on the screen |
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Term
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Definition
| a small flash memory module, about the size of your thumb or smaller, that conveniently plugs into the USB port of a PC or other digital electronics device to provide convenient, portable, high-capacity storage |
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Definition
| form of solid state storage that updates (flashes) the data it holds in large blocks |
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Term
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Definition
| used to control game characters and objects (duh.) |
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Definition
gigahertz
billions of cycles per second |
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Term
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Definition
| assists in capturing and entering raw data into the computer system |
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Term
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Definition
| also called chips; multiple transistors integrated into a single module used to store and process bits and bytes in today's computers |
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Definition
liquid crystal display
thin, flat display that uses liquid crystals—an organic, oil-like material—placed between two pieces of glass to form characters and graphic images on a backlit screen |
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Term
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Definition
| uses magnetic properties of iron oxide particles to store bits and bytes more permanently that RAM (ex: floppy disks) |
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Definition
megahertz
millions of cycles per second |
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Term
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Definition
| continuing advances in technological innovation will make it possible to reduce the size of transistors, doubling their density on a processor chip every two years |
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Term
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Definition
| primary circuit board of a computing device |
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Term
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Definition
| stores bits by using an optical laser to burn pits into the surface of a highly reflective disc surface (ex: CDs) |
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Definition
| device that allows you to observe the results of computer processing with one or more of your senses (ex: speakers, monitor) |
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Definition
random-access memory
temporary or volatile memory that stores bytes of data and program instructions for the processor to access |
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Definition
read-only memory
type of system memory that provides permanent storage for data and instructions that do not change, such as programs and data from the computer manufacturer, including the boot process used to start the computer |
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Term
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Definition
| stores data using transistors; can be volatile (as with RAM) or nonvolatile (as with flash memory) |
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Term
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Definition
| allows you to select items on the screen by touching them with your finger or a stylus |
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Term
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Definition
| electronics component composed typically of silicon; opens or closes a circuit to alter the flow of electricity to store and manipulate bits |
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Term
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Definition
universal storage bus
standard that allows a wide array of devices to connect to a computer through a common port |
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Term
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Definition
| programs written to perform tasks or solve problems for people, groups and organizations |
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Term
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Definition
| stored in ROM (read-only memory); when the computer is powered up, it runs system checks, then transfers the operating system (OS) from the hard drive to RAM (random access memory) |
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Term
| command-based user interface |
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Definition
| requires that text commands be typed at a prompt in order to perform basic tasks |
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Term
| computational intelligence |
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Definition
| artificial intelligence methodologies such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary computation that set up a system whereby the software can develop intelligence through an iterative process |
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Term
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Definition
| combines hardware (cameras and scanners) and AI software that permit computers to capture, store and interpret visual images and pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| artificial intelligence methodologies such as expert systems, case-based reasoning, Bayesian networks, and behavior-based AI that rely on the programmer to instill the software with logical functionality to solve problems (vs. computational intelligence?) |
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Term
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Definition
| defines exclusive rights legally granted to the owner |
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Term
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Definition
| designed to allow the creators of intellectual property to specify the terms of the license in order to grant certain freedoms to users, while still providing the owner with some control of the property |
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Term
| database management software |
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Definition
| used to store, manipulate and manage data in order to find and present useful information |
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Term
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Definition
| software that interfaces with an operating system (OS) to control an input or output device such as a printer |
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Definition
expert system
software that functions like a human expert in a particular field or area; created with the assistance of a human expert who provides subject-specific knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| derived from fuzzy set theory, which deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than precise |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of evolutionary computation that is used to solve large, complex problems where a number of algorithms or models change and evolve until the best one emerges |
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Definition
graphical user interface
makes use of a keyboard and mouse to manipulate graphics images on the display to issue commands to the computer system (Apple made the first) |
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Term
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Definition
| also called an intelligent robot or bot, an abbreviation for robot; consists of programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, a process, or another program |
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Term
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Definition
| a free, open-source operating system (OS) for PCs (personal computers) |
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Term
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Definition
| the native operating system for Apple PCs |
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Term
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Definition
| the most popular operating system for personal computers (PCs) |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the OS to run several programs or tasks at the same time |
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Term
| natural language processing |
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Definition
| uses AI techniques to enable computers to generate and understand natural human languages, such as English |
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Term
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Definition
| simulates the functioning of the neurons in a human brain in software |
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Term
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Definition
| distributed, typically for free, with the source code so it can be studied, changed and improved by its users |
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Definition
operating system
a set of computer programs that runs or controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with both application programs and users |
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Term
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Definition
| allows the spreadsheet to maximize or minimize a quantity subject to certain constraints |
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Definition
personal information management software
helps individuals store useful information, such as to-do lists, appointment calenders, and contact lists |
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Term
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Definition
| supports formal presentations by providing "slides" that can be used to accompany and embellish a live presentation or to present the material without the use of a human presenter (ex: Powerpoint) |
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Term
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Definition
| the primary tool of computer programmers; provides commands for writing softwares that is translated to the detailed step-by-step instructions executed by the processor to achieve an objective or solve a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| involves developing mechanical or computer devices to perform tasks that require a high degree of precision or are tedious or hazardous for humans |
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Term
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Definition
| a marketing method for distributing software that allows customers to use software free of charge for a limited time in order to evaluate the software and decide if they wish to purchase it |
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Term
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Definition
| permits the user to install the software on one computer, or sometimes two computers, used by one person |
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Term
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Definition
| one or more defects or problems that prevent the software from working as intended or working at all |
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Term
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Definition
| defines the permissions, rights, and restrictions provided to the person who purchases a copy of the software |
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Term
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Definition
| corrections to software code designed to fix software bugs |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of application software packages sold together; can include word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, database-management systems, personal information managers (PIMs) and more (ex: Microsoft Office) |
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Term
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Definition
| allows a computer to understand and react to spoken statements and commands |
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Term
| asynchronous communication |
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Definition
| communication in which participants leave messages for each other to be read, heard, and responded to at the recipient's convenience |
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Term
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Definition
| Web sites created to express one or more individuals' views on a given topic |
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Term
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Definition
| high-speed Internet service, with data transfer rates as high as 8 Mbps, provided by cable television service providers |
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Term
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Definition
| synchronous text messaging between two or more participants |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request from another program, the server, which provides the service |
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Term
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Definition
| sometimes called streaming media, streaming video, or streaming audio, is a technique in which the media begins playing while the file is being delivered (ex: Hulu) |
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Term
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Definition
| small text files stored on a computer by a Web server in order to recognize a user who revisits the Web site |
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Term
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Definition
| a low-speed Internet service that uses the customer's phone line for data transfer rates as high as 56 kilobits per second (Kbps) |
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Term
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Definition
digital subscriber line connection
uses the customer's phone line, but there is no dialing up and users can use the Internet and talk on the phone simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| the transmission of messages over a computer network to support asynchronous text-based communication |
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Term
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Definition
| typically a binary file, such as an image file, Word document, music file, or spreadsheet, that travels along with an email message but is not part of the email ASCII text message itself |
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Term
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Definition
extensible markup language
a markup language that provides a method for describing and classifying the content of data in a Web page |
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Term
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Definition
| an element in an electronic document—a word, phrase or image—that, when clicked, opens a related document |
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Definition
hypertext markup language
the primary markup language that is used to specify the formatting of a Web page |
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Definition
hypertext transfer protocol
the protocol of the Web that controls communication between Web clients and servers |
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Term
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Definition
instant messaging
synchronous one-to-one text-based communication over the Internet |
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Term
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Definition
| the main Internet pathways and connections made up of the many national and international communication networks that are owned by major telecom companies |
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Definition
Internet service provider
company that provides users with access to the Internet through network service providers' (NSPs') points of presence (POP) |
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Term
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Definition
| a unique 32-bit identifier for Internet hosts (all devices connected to the Internet) |
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Term
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Definition
peer-to-peer
a network architecture that does not use a central server, but facilitates communications directly between clients |
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Term
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Definition
| works with a Web browser to offer extended services such as audio players, video, animation, 3D graphics viewers, and interactive media |
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Term
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Definition
| a logical address used by clients and servers that is associated with a specific service |
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Term
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Definition
| special-purpose computing device—typically a small to large unit with network ports—that manages network traffic by evaluating messages and routing them over the fastest path to their destination |
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Term
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Definition
| a valuable tool that enables you to find information on the Web by specifying words that are key to a topic of interest (keywords) |
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Term
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Definition
| Web sites that provide a way for Web users to store, classify, share, and search Web bookmarks; also referred to as favorites (ex: Delicious) |
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Term
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Definition
| sites that provide Web-based tools for users to share information about themselves with others on the Web and find, meet, and converse with other members |
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Term
| synchronous communication |
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Definition
| communication in which people exchange thoughts in real time in a flowing coversation |
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Term
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Definition
| the protocols for the Internet; Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) |
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Term
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Definition
| method of sending short text messages, no longer than 160 characters, between cell phones |
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Definition
uniform resource locator
a Web page address, incorporating the domain name of the Web server and the location of the Web page file on the server |
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Term
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Definition
| technology that combines video and phone call capabilities along with shared data and document access |
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Term
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Definition
| Web resources that allow average users to collaborate and contribute to Web content |
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Term
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Definition
| software like a word processor that allows you to create HTML documents |
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Term
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Definition
| software such as Internet Explorer used to request Web pages from Web servers |
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Term
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Definition
| software that stores and delivers Web pages and other Web resources such as interactive Web contet |
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Term
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Definition
| Web site designed to allow users to add, remove, and edit content |
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Term
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Definition
(extensible?) hypertext markup language
markup language that uses most of the same tags as HTML but is more strict in what is allowed and not allowed, so it is more compliant with XML |
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Term
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Definition
| a signal of varying intensity that fluctuates continually |
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Term
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Definition
| the data transmission rate measured in bits per second (bps) |
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Term
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Definition
| specification that enables a wide range of digital devices to communicate wirelessly over short distances |
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Term
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Definition
| a high-speed Internet connection that is always on or active, such as cable or DSL |
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Term
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Definition
| a company that builds and maintains a cellular network and provides cell phone service to the public |
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Term
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Definition
| a radio network in which a geographic area is divided into cells with a transceiver antenna (tower) and station at the center of each cell, to support mobile communications |
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Term
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Definition
| a cable consisting of an inner conductor wire surrounded by insulation, a conductive shield (usually a layer of foil or metal braiding) and a cover |
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Term
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Definition
| essentially a microwave station placed in outer space that receives a signal from one point on earth and then rebroadcasts it at a different frequency to a different location |
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Term
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Definition
| a signal with two discrete voltage states, high or low |
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Term
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Definition
| the most widely used network standard for private networks |
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Term
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Definition
| a cale, consisting of thousands of extremely thin strands of glass or plastic bound together in a sheathing (a jacket) that transmits signals with light beams (very fast) |
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Definition
global positioning system
system that uses satellite and mobile communications to pinpoint exact locations |
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Term
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Definition
| a networking technique that uses the protocols of the Internet and the Web—TCP/IP and HTTP, along wiht Internet services such as Web browsers—within the confines of a private network |
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Definition
local area network
a network that connects computer systems and devices within the same building or local geographical area (used by nerdy college boys for LAN parties) |
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Definition
metropolitan area network
Connects networks within a city or metropolitan-size area into a larger high-speed network |
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Term
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Definition
| sending line-of-sight high-frequency radio signals through the air |
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Term
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Definition
| device that converts analog and digital signals from one form to the other |
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Term
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Definition
near field communications
a wireless technology designed for short (up to 20 cm), aimed at using cell phones for secure wireless payments |
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Term
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Definition
| a computer circuit board, PC card or USB device installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that carries a signal and creates an interface between a sending device and a receiving device |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that carries a signal and creates an interface between a sending device and a receiving device |
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Term
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Definition
personal area network
the interconnection of personal information technology devices, typically wirelessly, within the range of an individual |
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Term
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Definition
radio frequency identification
uses tiny transponders in tags that can be attached to objects and read wirelessly using an RFID reader |
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Term
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Definition
| the electronic transmission and reception of signals for communication |
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Term
| twisted pair copper cables |
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Definition
| a cable consisting of pairs of twisted wires covered with an insulating layer |
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Term
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Definition
virtual private network
uses a technique called tunneling to securely send private network data over the Internet |
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Term
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Definition
wide area network
connects LANs and MANs between cities, across country, and around the world using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines |
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Term
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Definition
| Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, also known as IEEE 802.16; the next-generation wireless broadband technology that is both faster and has a longer range than Wi-Fi |
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Term
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Definition
wireless fidelity
Wireless networking technology that makes use of access points to wirelessly connect users to networks within a range of 250-1000 feet |
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Term
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Definition
| provides graphics tools that allow artists to create pictures of realistic 3D models |
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Term
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Definition
| represents an image by using bytes to store the color of each pixel used in the image |
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Term
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Definition
computer-assisted design software
assists designers, engineers and architects in designing 3D objects, from the gear mechanism in a watch to suspension bridges |
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Term
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Definition
| any type of sound, including voice, music and sound effects, recorded and stored digitally as a series of 1s and 0s |
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Term
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Definition
| computer-based media applications that support creating, editing and viewing 2D and 3D images and animations |
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Term
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Definition
| digital technologies of all kinds that serve and support digital music, video and graphics |
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Term
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Definition
| a subcategory of digital audio that involves recording and storing music |
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Definition
digital rights management
technology that protects intellectual property by restricting the number of device and applications on which a file can be opened, and the number of times that the file can be copied and burned to disk |
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Term
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Definition
| digital media that involves user interaction for education, training or entertainment |
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Term
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Definition
| digital TV service that includes one or more of the following: video on demand, personal video recorder, local info on TV, purchase over TV, Internet access over TV, and video games over TV |
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Term
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Definition
| allows users to organize and play digital music, audio, and video files on PCs and media decices |
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Term
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Definition
| file format that compresses PCM music files to less than 10% of their original size |
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Term
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Definition
musical instrument digital interface
protocol used to provide a standard language for digital music devices to use in communicating with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| programs with special tools and effects designed for improving or manipulating digital photos |
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Term
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Definition
| small points or dots of light that make up digital images |
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Term
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Definition
| an audio file that contains a recorded broadcast distributed over the Internet |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of digital radio that receives broadcast signals via a communications satellite |
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Term
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Definition
| uses computer graphics to provide visual representations that improve our understanding of some phenomenon |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique that uses bytes to store geometric descriptions that define all the shapes in the image |
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Term
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Definition
| high-powered multiprocessor computers designed to support 3D interactive multimedia |
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Term
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Definition
| allows professional and amateur videographers to edit bad footage out and rearrange the good footage to produce a professional-style video production |
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Term
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Definition
business-to-business e-commerce
the type of e-commerce that supports transactions between businesses across private networks, the Internet, and the Web |
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Term
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Definition
business-to-consumer e-commerce
the type of e-commerce that makes use of the Web to connect individual consumers directly with sellers to purchase products |
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Term
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Definition
consumer-to-consumer e-commerce
the type of e-commerce that uses the Web to connect individuals who wish to sell their personal belongings with people shopping for used items (ex: eBay) |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of electronic business card that is attached to Internet transaction data to verify the sender of the data |
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Term
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Definition
electronic commerce
systems that support electronically executed business transactions |
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Term
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Definition
| a company that takes on some or all of the responsibility of setting up and maintaining an e-commerce system for a business or organization |
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Term
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Definition
electronic cash
Web service that provides a private and secure method of transferring funds form a bank account or credit card to online vendors or individuals |
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Term
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Definition
electronic data interchange
networking technology that uses private communication networks called value-added networks (VANs) to transmit standardized transaction data between business partners and suppliers |
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Term
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Definition
| a security technology that uses high-level mathematical functions and computer algorithms to encode data so that it is unintelligible to all but the intended recipient |
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Term
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Definition
mobile commerce
a form of e-commerce that takes place over wireless mobile devices such as handheld computers and cell phones as well as emerging technologies such as dashtop computers embedded in car dashboards |
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Term
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Definition
| credit cards or ID cards with embedded microchips that can store and process data; can be used as electronic wallets, storing account information balances and calculating new balances after being used for purchases |
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Term
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Definition
| software that searches a computer for spyware and other software that may violate a user's privacy, allows the user to remove it, and provides continuing protection against future attacks |
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Term
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Definition
| uses several techniques to find viruses on a computer system, remove them if possible, and keep additional viruses from infecting the system |
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Term
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Definition
| the science and technology of authentication by scanning and measuring a person's unique physical features such as finger prints, retinal patterns, and facial characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of examining computing equipment to determine if it has been used for illegal, unauthorized, or unusual activities |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of terrorism that uses attacks over the Internet to intimidate and harm a population |
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Term
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Definition
| network hardware or software that examines all incoming packets and filters out packets that are potentially dangerous |
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Term
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Definition
| the criminal act of using stolen information about a person to assume that person's identity |
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Definition
| a product of the mind over which the owner holds legal entitlement |
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Term
| intellectual property rights |
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Definition
| rights relative to the ownership and use of intellectual property such as software, music, movies, data and information |
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Term
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Definition
| the crime of deliberately deceiving a person over the Internet in order to cause damage and to unjustly obtain property or services from the victim |
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Term
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Definition
| a combination of characters known only to the user that is used for authentication |
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Term
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Definition
| scam that combines spoofed email and a spoofed Web site in order to trick a person into providing personal information |
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Term
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Definition
| the illegal copying, use, and distribution of digital intellectual property such as software, music and movies |
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Term
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Definition
| taking credit for someone else' intellectual property |
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Term
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Definition
| software bugs that allow violations of information security |
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Term
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Definition
| corrections to the software bugs that cause security holes |
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Term
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Definition
| software installed on a computer without the user's knowledge to either monitor the user or allow an outsider to control the computer |
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Term
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Definition
| identifies an user to the computer system |
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Term
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Definition
| a program that attaches itself to a file, spreads to other files, and delivers a destructive action called a payload |
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Term
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Definition
| an email that warns of a virus that doesn't exist |
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Term
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Definition
| a program that does not attach itself to other programs but rather acts as a free agent, replicating itself numerous times in an effort to overwhelm systems |
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Term
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Definition
| a computer that carries out actions (often malicious) under the remote control of a hacker either directly or through spyware or a virus |
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