Term
| Know MMT procedures for each trunk movement tested (testing position, muscles tested for each movement) |
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Definition
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Term
| Know Normal/Average ROM for the AROM measures at the cervical spine and for lumbar flexion/extension and lumbar lateral flexion only |
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Definition
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|
Term
Special Focus
9-1
9-4
9-5
9-6
9-7
9-9 |
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Definition
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Term
Clinical Connection
9-1 Part I
10-1
10-3
10-4
10-6 |
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Definition
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Term
| A deformity of the vertebral column characterized by abnormal curvatures in all three planes (mainly frontal). |
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Definition
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Term
| "To bend backward", where a region (usually lumbar) is convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly. |
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Definition
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Term
| A curve that is concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly. "Hump Back" |
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Definition
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Term
| A general term that describes a slipping or displacement of one vertebrae relative to another. Often occurs at L5-S1 |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 vertebrae, disk and facet joints are a what? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Top moves on bottom" is the concept of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Referring to the C-spine, is flexion or extension the open packed position for the facet joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| Referring to the C-spine, is flexion or extension the closed packed position for the facet joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior/Superior Slide - Is this flexion or extension of the C-spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior/Inferior Slide - Is this flexion or extension for the C-Spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rotation and side bending usually what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does flexion or extension increase the size of the intervertebral foramen at that segment? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Does flexion or extension make the nucleus pulposus move anteriorly within the disk? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Does flexion or extension make the nucleus pulposus in the posterior direction? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is atypical about C1 "Atlas" vertebra? |
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Definition
| No body or spinous process |
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Term
| What is atypical about the C2 "Axis" vertebra? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is atypical about the sacral vertebrae? |
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Definition
| They are 5 vertebrae fused together |
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|
Term
| What is atypical about the coccygeal vertebrae? |
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Definition
| They are 3-5 vertebrae fused together |
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Term
| Name some commonalities among vertebrae |
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Definition
Body
Vertebral Foramen
2 Pedicles
2 Transverse Processes
2 Laminae
Spinous Process
Superior and Inferior facet joint surfaces |
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Term
| How are ribs subclassified? |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the floating ribs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many cervical vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How any thoracic vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many lumbar vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sacral and coccygeal vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many spinal nerve pairs do we have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many disks do we have? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name the foramen for the spinal cord. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name the foramen in which the spinal nerve pass. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When does the ALL tighten? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the ALL go wide to narrow or narrow to wide? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This ligament runs from C1 to sacrum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the PLL tighten? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the PLL go wide to narrow or narrow to wide? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament runs from C2 to sacrum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament runs from c2 to sacrum, lamina to lamina? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When does the ligamentum flavuum tighten? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ligament goes from C7 to sacrum? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The nuchal ligament covers the c-spine, when does it tighten? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When does the interspinous ligament tighten? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ROM for the OA joint? |
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Definition
| 15 Degrees of flexion AND extension (nodding) |
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|
Term
| What directions can the AA joint move in? |
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Definition
| Rotation and a bit of flexion and extension |
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Term
| How many degrees can the AA joint move in flexion/extension? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Approximately 50% of the total rotation of the entire cervical region occurs at what joint before rotation occurs at the rest of the cervical region. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How much ROM does the AA have in rotation? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What type of joint are the costotransverse and costovertebral joints? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The head of rib 4 articulates with what vertebral bodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ribs only articulate the one body of one vertebra? |
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Definition
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Term
| The heads of the ribs articulate with the bodies of what? |
|
Definition
| 2 adjacent thoracic vertebrae and the intervertebral disc |
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Term
| Facet on transverse process articulates with rib |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where the heads of the ribs articulate with the bodies of the 2 adjacent vertebrae and the intervertebral disc. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Ribs 1-10 have costotransverse joints with what vertbrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where rotation and sidebending occur to the SAME side |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where rotation and sidebending occur to OPPOSITE sides |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Does the lower C-spine and upper T-spine in all positions use type I or II motion? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| For A/A rotation only, is this type I or II motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| For the OA joint and the thoracic and lumbar spine in neutral, is this type I or II motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plays an important role in guiding segmental motion and limiting their maximal range |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ___ of movement depends mostly on the intervertebral joint |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ___ movement depend mostly on the facet joint |
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Definition
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Term
| The joint between the inferior facet of the superior vertebrae and the superior facet of the inferior vertebrae. |
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Definition
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Term
| The space located between any 2 adjacent vertebrae. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How does the OA and AA differ from other segments regarding its joint structures? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the orientation (plane) of the AA joint? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the orientation (plane) of C2 thru T1? |
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Definition
| Approx. 45 degrees from the transverse plane; Transitions to approx. 30 degrees at lower end toward the frontal plane. |
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Term
| What is the orientation (plane) of T1-5? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the orientation (plane) of T6-T12? |
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Definition
| Transitions from fontal to sagittal plane |
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|
Term
| What is the orienation (plane) of the lumbar spine (L1-4)? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the orientation (plane) of L5-S1? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the Dens is unstable/hypermobile, what structure/tissue is at greatest risk for trauma? |
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Definition
| The dens is most likely to move posteriorly over any other direction so it would be at risk for injuring the spinal cord. |
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Term
| What is whole spine motion? |
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Definition
| More of what we do in lab. Not 2 adjacent vertebrae but more of a set at a time. |
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Term
| People typically think that if a spinal nerve is affecting the cause is the disk. What do we need to realize? |
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Definition
| There is an entire 3D space and imaging is important for diagnosis. It could be a facet joint, uncovertebral joint (c-spine), etc. |
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|
Term
| During what movement does the facet open? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During what movement does the facet close? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During what motion does one facet open and the other one close? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the orientation of the OA joint? |
|
Definition
Convex on top
Concave on bottom |
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|
Term
| Articulation of 2 concave superior facets of the atlas with 2 convex occipital condyles of the skull. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What motion does the AA joint favor? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What motion is favored in the c-spine? |
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Definition
| Rotation and lateral flexion |
|
|
Term
| What motion is favored in the upper t-spine? |
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Definition
| Rotation and lateral flexion |
|
|
Term
| What motion is favored in the lower t-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines whether vertebrae favor a certain motion? |
|
Definition
| the orientation of the facet joints |
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|
Term
| This movement causes closing of the ipsilateral facet and opening of the contralateral facet (L-spine) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This movement causes opening of the ipsilateral facet and closing of the contralateral facet. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A person with a hypomobile lumbar facet joint on the RIGHT will be limited in __ rotation to and ___ lateral flexion. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| For any area you have hypomobility, the areas above and below will develop what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| During lateral flexion on the contralateral side, the thorax is ___, the thoracic cage is ___, and the intercostal spaces ____. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| During lateral flexion on the ipsilateral side, the thoracic cage is ___, the thoracic cage ____, and the intercostal spaces are ____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Rotation of a vertebra will lead to distortion of the corresponding rib pair because of the elasticity of the rib, especially of its cartilage. Increased posture concavity of the rib cage on side of vertebral rotation (____). |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If you have an increased posterior concavity on the side of the vertebral rotation, what happens on the other side? |
|
Definition
| the posterior concavity flattens |
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|
Term
| If you have an increased posterior concavity on the side of the vertebral rotation, and the other side flattens, what happens to the rib cage anteriorly? |
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Definition
| It is flattened on the side of rotation and increased concavity on the opposite side. |
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|
Term
R lateral flexion
L rotation
Which side is the rib hump? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Left lateral flexion
Right Rotation
Which side is the rib hump? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List in order the intradiscal pressures in the lumbar region change with body position from least to greatest. |
|
Definition
Lying Supine
Supine with legs elevated
Sidelying
Reclined Sitting
Sitting erect
Stooped Standing
Sitting slumped
Standing while holding weight
Partial squat holding weight
Stooped standing holding weight |
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|
Term
| Standing erect puts the intradiscal pressure in the lumbar region at what percentage? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In order for the nucleus pulposus to escape the annulus fibrosis, the annulus must be what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the annulus fibrosis designed? |
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Definition
| To prevent lumbar disk NP herniation or limit any additional damage. |
|
|
Term
| Name the muscle that flexes, sidebends, and rotates (opposite) C-spine. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name the muscle that flexes and sidebends the C-spine |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the muscle that extends and rotates the C-spine. |
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Definition
| Deep cervical paraspinals |
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|
Term
| Name the muscle that extends and sidebends the spine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the muscle that flexes T-L spine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the muscle that flexes, sidebends, and rotates (opposite) T-L spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the muscle that flexes, sidebends, and rotates (same) T-L spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the muscle that sidebends the lumbar spine. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which movement can potentially deform the NP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the SI joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The SI joints develop ridges and depression after puberty and tend to ___ partially completely late in life. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Extremly strong __ reinforce the SI joint on all sides. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What 2 motions do occur at the SI joint in the sagittal plane? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The primary motion of the SI joint is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for flexion and extension when talking about the SI joint? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where the anterior tip of the sacral promontory moves anteriorly and inferiorly; coccyx moves posteriorly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where the anterior tip of the sacral promontory moves posteriorly and superiorly; cocyx mvoes anteriorly. |
|
Definition
| Counternutation (Extension) |
|
|
Term
| Does nutation expand or decrease the pelvic INLET then OUTLET? |
|
Definition
Expands the OUTLET
Decreases the INLET |
|
|
Term
| Does counternutation expand or decrease the pelvic INLET then OUTLET? |
|
Definition
Expands the INLET
Decreases the OUTLET |
|
|
Term
| Elevates the ribs during inspriation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Depresses the ribs during expiration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A dome shaped muscle; separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This muscle flattens with contraction, increasing the size and decreasing the pressure in the thoracic cavity and decreasing the size and increasing the pressure in the abdominal cavity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flexion stretches and thins the posterior side of the annulus fibrosis while the __ is forces posteriolory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic R forward rotation = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic L forward rotation = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A forward (protracted) head position places the upper C-spine in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A forward (protracted) head position places the mid and lower C-spine in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This increases the stress on the levator scapulae and semispinalis capitis muscles and shortens the SCMS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "stuck open" or "stuck closed" referes to injury of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most facet joints have intra-articular structures called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibrofatty meniscoids attach to the joint capsule and to what to the joint cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These are believed to exist to protect the capsule and cartilage from forces that occur with extremes of movement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can you bruise, lodge, or rupture a fibrofatty meniscoid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you bruise, lodge, or rupture fibrofatty meniscoids what can this result in? |
|
Definition
Hemarthrosis
Inflammation
Pain
Loss of motion
Reflex muscle spasm |
|
|
Term
| What does hemarthrosis mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the facet joint in relation to the IV foramen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the ligamentum flavuum in relation to the IV foramen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the height of the disk relate to the IV foramen? |
|
Definition
| The smaller the disk the smaller the IV foramen |
|
|
Term
| During forward bending (flexion), the __ contracts eccentrically to control the lowering of the trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once in full flexion what happens to the erector spinae? |
|
Definition
| they relax and the weight of the trunk is supported by the stretched posterior ligament complex and the stretched muscles |
|
|
Term
| As we attempt to actively and quickly return to an upright position, the __ must quickly and stronly activate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the posterior ligament complex? |
|
Definition
Supraspinous
Infraspinous
Ligamentum Flavum
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
|
|
Term
| The ___, in combination with flexion and extension of the hips, forms the primary pivot point for sagittal plane motion of the entire trunk. |
|
Definition
|
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