Term
| A long cylindrical structure that lies within the vertebral canal. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the beginning of the spinal cord located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the spinal cord continuous with the medulla? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the spinal cord end? |
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Definition
| In a conical termination known as the conus medullaris |
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Term
| Does the spinal cord ever occupy the entire length of the vertebral canal? |
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Definition
| Yes, up to the 3rd month of fetal life it does |
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Term
| Why does the spinal cord not always run the entire length of the vertebral column? |
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Definition
| The growth of the vertebral column exceeds the spinal cord |
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Term
| Can you have a vertebral fracture that does not damage the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the job of the vertebral column? (in relation to the spinal cord) |
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Definition
| To protect the spinal cord |
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Term
| What is one downfall to the vertebral column that is not a problem with the skull. |
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Definition
| It has more flexibility which makes it more susceptible to fractures |
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Term
| At birth, the spinal cord is located at what vertebra? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the adult, the end of the spinal cord is located between what vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can you get an epidural or spinal tap. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 meningeal layers of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the spinal cord contain periosteal dura? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the spinal cord contain meningeal dura? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the meningeal dura of the spinal cord run to and from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the dura do after S2? |
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Definition
| It extends along with pia to form the coccygeal ligament |
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Term
| Another term for coccygeal ligament. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does dura cover spinal nerves and nerve roots? |
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Definition
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Term
| A delicate non-vascular membrane that is adherent with the inner surface of the dura. |
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Definition
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Term
| Closely adherent to the spinal cord and has two specializations int he area of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 pia specializations |
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Definition
Denticulate Ligaments
Filum Terminale (Internum) |
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Term
| The end of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Long nerve roots extending from the end of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral flattened bands of pia mater which are triangula shaped |
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Definition
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Term
| Ligaments that arise medially from the surface of the spinal cord midway between dorsal and ventral roots |
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Definition
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Term
| Firmly attach to the arachnoid and inner surface of the dura |
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Definition
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Term
| Anchor the spinal cord to the dura and are present throughout the length of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Condensation of pia, extending caudally from the conus medullaris until it penetrates the dural tube at the S2 level. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the continuation of the filum terminale known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the spinal nerves named? |
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Definition
| According to the intervertebral foramina through which they exit |
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Term
| How many paired spinal nerves are in the cervical region? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many paired spinal nerves are in the thoracic region? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many paired spinal nerves are in the lumbar region? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many paired spinal nerves are in the sacral region? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many paired spinal nerves are in the coccygeal region? |
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Definition
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Term
| Each segment contains paired dorsal and ventral roots that merge at some distal point to form what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do spinal nerve emerge from the spinal canal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the 1st cervical nerve emerge? |
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Definition
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Term
| From spinal nerve C1-C7, where do the emerge in relation to their vertebrae. |
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Definition
| Above their vertebral level |
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Term
| Spinal nerves C8 and lower emerge where in relation to their vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the spinal cord end? |
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Definition
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Term
| Due to the fact that the spinal cord ends around L2, but spinal nerves emerge at respective intervertebral foramina, lower nerve roots are very long and form a structure known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The butterfly shaped central gray substance is composed of what? |
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Definition
| Collections of cell bodies and their processes |
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Term
| The surrounding mantle of white matter is composed of what? |
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Definition
| Bundles of myelinated fibers that are either ascending or descending |
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Term
| What does white matter contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the gray matter, what is the posterior gray horn? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the gray matter, what is the anterior gray horn? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extends posterolaterally almost to the surface |
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Definition
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Term
| Extends ventrally but does not reach the surface |
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Definition
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Term
| In thoracic segments, there is a small pointed thing that is evident near the base of the anterior horn. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the lateral horn associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the lateral horn associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Connects the gray substance of the two sides and encompasses the central canal. |
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Definition
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Term
| The white matter of the spinal cord is divided into what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lies between the posterior median septum and the posterior horn |
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Definition
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Term
| Lies between the dorsal root entry zone (posterior horn) and the site where the ventral root fibers emerge from the spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lies between emerging ventral rootlets and the anterior median fissure. |
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Definition
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Term
| The midline of the spinal cord on the anterior surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the anterior median fissure contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| A less distinct groos in the posterior midline that separates 2 posterior columns |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the posterior median sulcus contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Divides each posterior funiculus into 2 white columns |
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Definition
| Posterior Intermediate Sulcus |
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Term
| Through what levels do you have a posterior intermediate sulcus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the posterior intermediate sulcus separate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the cuneatus and gracilis carry? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one is more medial? The cuneatus or gracilis? |
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Definition
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Term
| An area where the diameter of the spinal cord is larger than the rest |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of the 4 lowest cervical segments and the 1st thoracic segment. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Gives rise to nerve roots that form the brachial plexus |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of all lumbar and 1st two sacral segments |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Different levels op spinal cord vary in 3 ways: |
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Definition
1. size and shape
2. relative amounts of gray and white matter
3. disposition and configuration of gray matter |
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Term
| Is the cervical spinal cord large or small |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the cervical spinal cord round or oval? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the cervical spinal cord have lots or not much white matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| This means that the transverse diameter exceeds the anterior/posterior diameter at all levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Has a prominent posterior intermediate septum |
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Definition
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Term
| Has an enlarged anterior horn (C5 and below) |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the thoracic spinal cord large or small |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the thoracic spinal cord round or oval |
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Definition
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Term
| This spinal cord segment has a smaller diameter due to marked reduction in gray matter |
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Definition
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Term
| This spinal cord segment has a posterior intermediate septum T1-T6 but not below |
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Definition
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Term
| This spinal cord segment has small anterior and posterior horns |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral horn containing intermediolateral cell column is present in all levels of the __ |
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Definition
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Term
| A rounded collection of large cells at the base of the medial aspect of the posterior horn |
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Definition
| Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke (Nucleus Dorsalis) |
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Term
| Is the nucleus dorsalis present in all thoracic levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Goes from the spinal cord to the cerebellum known as the Spinocerebellar Tract |
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Definition
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Term
| Another term for Lateral Horn |
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Definition
| Intermediolateral cell column |
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Term
| Nearly circular in shape with lots of gray matter |
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Definition
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Term
| Has massive anterior and posterior horns |
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Definition
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Term
| Which has less white matter, lumbar or cervical segements? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the lumbar spinal cord has a lateral horn and the nucleus dorsalis |
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Definition
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Term
| Small in diameter with large amounts of gray matter |
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Definition
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Term
| Has a thin layer of white matter and short, thick gray commissure |
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Definition
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Term
| Has large anterior and posterior horn |
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Definition
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Term
| Area in the center where things can cross over |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for Lamina I |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for Lamina II |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for Lamina VII |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 other terms for motor neuron |
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Definition
Alpha Motor Neuron
Anterior Horn cell |
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Term
| Caps the surface of the posterior horn, contains small and medium sized cells which respond specifically to noxious and thermal stimulia |
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Definition
| Lamina I (Marginal layer) |
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Term
| Carries sensory information about pain and temperature and is associated with the anterolateral system |
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Definition
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Term
| Corresponds to neurons which can modulate or modify sensory input, particularly pain perception |
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Definition
| Lamina II (Substantia Gelatinosa) |
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Term
| Lies between the anterior and posterior horns |
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Definition
| Lamina VII (Zona Intermedia) |
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Term
| 2 things included in Lamina VII |
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Definition
Nucleus Dorsalis
lateral horn |
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Term
| Located in the medial aspect of Lamina VII from T1-L2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells from this give rise to the posterior spinocerebellar tract |
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Definition
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Term
| Found in the lateral aspect of Lamina VII from T1 to L2. Contains preganglionic sympathetic cells of the ANS |
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Definition
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Term
| Contains large somatic motor neurons that innervate striated muscle known as alpha motor neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| Scattered among alpha motor neurons are smaller gamma motor neurons that innervate contractile elements of sensory organ known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Organized according to function |
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Definition
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Term
| Medial cells innervate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral cells innervate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dorsal cells innervate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventral cells innervate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A complete separation of spinal cord tissue. No connection |
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Definition
| Complete injury in animals |
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Term
| Does not have to be a complete physical tear. Means that there is no function (motor or sensory) at any level in an area and below. |
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Definition
| Complete injury in humans |
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Term
| Means there can either be some sensory or some motor function left |
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Definition
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Term
| Made from astrocytes. Prevents CNS from having a huge amount of recovery. |
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Definition
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Term
| Receives sensory input from the periphery and brain |
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Definition
| CPGs (Central Pattern Generators) |
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Term
| Functionally organized neuronal networks in the spinal cord capable of generating a rhythmic pattern of motor activity in the absence of sensory input. |
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Definition
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Term
| Used in human subjects to support up to 40% of their body weight during locomotion on a moving treadmill |
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Definition
| BWSTT (Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training) |
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Term
| Improves elements of locomotion but not voluntary motor activity in patients with a complete spinal cord injury |
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Definition
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