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| phase of listening in whihc we detect sounds of spoken communication |
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| phase of listening in whihc we focus on, understand, and interpret spoken messages |
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| phase of listening in which we suspend judgment, allow speakers to be heard, and try to see things from their points of view |
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| phase of listening in which we enjoy the beauty of messages, responding to such factors as the simplicity, balance, and the eloquence of language |
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| listening with careful analysis and evaluation of message content |
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| search for the value that messages may have for your life, despite their defects |
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| Listening barriers based on situations nad speakers |
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| physical noise, message problems, and presentation problems |
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| Listening barriers based on listeners themselves |
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| inattentiveness, listening style preference, bad habits, listening aprehension, emotional reactions to words, and attitudes |
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| fear of misinterpreting, inadequately processing and/or not being able to adjust psychologically to messages sent by others |
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| words that arouse such powerful feelings that they interfere with te ability to listen critically and constructively |
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| listening to only part of a message, the part the listener wants to hear |
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| the tendency of listeners to interpret the positions of a speaker with whom they agree as closer to their own views than they actually are |
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| seeing positions different than yours as being more distant than they actually are |
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| information that can be verified by observation or expert testimony |
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| assumptions based on incomplete information |
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| expressions of personal attitude or belief offered without supporting material |
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| political speakers who try to inflame feelings without reard to the accuracy or adequacy of their claims in order to promote their own agendas |
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| an evaluation of a speech that emphasizes strengths as well as weaknesses and that focuses on how a speaker might improve |
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| listening as though you represent all who might be affected by a message |
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| the dictionary definition or objective meaning of a word |
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| the emotional, subjective, personal meaning that certain words can evoke in listeners |
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| technical language related to a specific field that may be incomprehensible to a general audience |
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| sometimes humorous use of words to soften or evade the truth of a situation |
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| using words that point in the direction opposite from the reality they should be describing |
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| the art of developing ideas by finding ways to restate them in a speech |
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| the language of the street |
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| language errors that occur when a word is confused with another word that sounds like it |
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| brief and particularly apt sayings |
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| the respectful appreciation of diversity within an audience |
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| teh use of words in certain surprising and unusual ways in order to magnify the power of thier meaning |
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| Brief, concentrated form of compariso that is implied and often surprising. connects elements of experience that are notusually related in order to create a new perspective |
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| metaphors of unusual power and populairty that are based on experience that lasts across time and that crosses many cultural boundaries |
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| a language tool that clarifies something abstract by comparing it with something concrete; usually introduced by as or like |
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| terms that expres the values and goals of a group's culture |
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| compact expressions of a group's basic political faith |
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| a language technique that sombines opposing elements in the same sentence or adjoining sentences |
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| changing the normal order of words to make statements memorable |
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