Term
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Definition
| a constriction closer to the vocal folds |
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Term
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Definition
| a constriction closer to the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| the simultaneous articulation of more than one phoneme |
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Term
| anticipatory coarticulation |
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Definition
| adjustment of vocal tract posture in anticipation of the next phoneme |
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Term
| carryover or retentive coarticulation |
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Definition
| adjustment of vocal tract posture for a target phoneme because of a sound immediately preceding the target |
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Term
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Definition
an articulatory gestures in which a complete constriction of the vocal tract occurs, causing cessation of the airflow. Upon release of the constriction, the airflow resumes in a burst of sound
*transient, complex, aperiodic sound* |
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Term
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Definition
| an articulatory gesture in which a stop is followed immediately by a homorganic fricative |
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Term
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Definition
| an articulatory gesture in which the vocal tract constriction is incomplete and airflow continues. The continuants include: fricatives, glides, liquids, and nasals |
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Term
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Definition
| the period of time during production of a stop in which the oral cavity is closed and no air flows out of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| evidence of the presence of voicing during the stop gap portion of the production of a stop, seen on the spectrogram as a band of gray in the area of Fo |
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Term
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Definition
| a brief transient noise generated upon release of the occlusion and the impounded air during stop production |
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Term
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Definition
| noise generated from turbulent airflow upon release of some stop gestures, likely a function of the transition of the vocal folds from voicing to unvoicing and back to voicing |
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Term
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Definition
| time elapsed from the release of the oral occlusion of the stop gesture and the onset of voicing. May be negative, simultaneous, short-, or long-lag. |
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Term
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Definition
| the frequencies at which the formants originate are called the locus for an articulatory gesture |
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Term
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Definition
| the approximation of F2 and F3 the vocal tract moves into or out of the production of a velar gesture |
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Term
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Definition
| the noise produced by the turbulence caused by airflow accelerating through a constriction in the vocal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| the fricatives /s,S/ are often referred to as sibilants b/c of the high-pitched frication noise |
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Term
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Definition
| a term sometimes used to refer to the articulatory gestures categorized as fricatives and stops because they share a number of common attributes, including a relatively high degree of obstruction of the airflow. |
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Term
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Definition
*the approximants /j/ and /w/
*continuous, smooth movement of tongue from one vocalic position to another
*vowels aren't actually produced but tongue position creates sound |
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Term
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Definition
*the /r/ and /l/
*sometimes not distinguished from glides, but, manner differs
*loose occlusion in oral cavity, but air flows around constriction |
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Term
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Definition
| the opposite of formants, antiformants arise from divisions of airflow in the vocal tract during production of nasal gestures, preventing the harmonic energy to be passed well. Also referred to as zeros. |
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Term
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Definition
| two articulatory gestures that have similar place of articulation, such as /m/ and /b/ |
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Term
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Definition
| the addition of nasal resonance to the vocal tract transfer function for vowel production, generally a result of coarticulation |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of antiformants in the vocal tract transfer function |
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Term
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Definition
| the characteristic resonances of the vocal tract |
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Term
| prosody or suprasegmental |
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Definition
| the level of meaning of an utterance carried by feature that are super-imposed upon the segmental level, including intonation, stress, and duration. aka prosody |
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Term
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Definition
| location within the vocal tract where the articulators make contact to form sound |
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Term
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Definition
| way articulators interact to regulate airflow through oral and nasal cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| presence or absence of vocal fold vibration |
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Term
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Definition
*narrow constriction (not closure)within oral cavity
*high pressures behind place of articulation creates high airflow through constriction
*continuous, aperiodic sound* |
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Term
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Definition
*complete closure at place of articulation within oral cavity
*velopharyngeal port open so airflows into nasal cavity creating nasal resonance |
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Term
| voiced/voiceless cognates |
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Definition
| pairs of sounds, same place and manner, differ in voicing |
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Term
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Definition
| split the air into 2 parts, lowers energy |
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Term
| Acoustic Characteristics of Stop Consonants |
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Definition
1. Silent period (stop gap)
2. Burst
3. Transitions |
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