Term
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Definition
A,B,C
Antecendent
Behavior
Consequence
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Term
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Definition
| Circumstances that exist in an environment before a behavior is exhibited. |
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Term
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Definition
| What individuals do---observable action. |
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Term
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Definition
affects future behavior by serving to either increase, decrease, or maintain it.
2 forms:
1. new stimulus is presented or added to the environment
2. an already-present stimulus is avoided, termintated, or removed from the environment |
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Term
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Definition
1. To get a general feel for the behavior of the student in order to help target the specific behavior to work on.
2. To determin, in a generally disruptive classroom, during a certain time of day, which students are the main disruptors.
3. To get a fix on some environmental cuse to disruptive behavior: Is it occuring at a certain time each day? Is the teacher setting the students off by some cue? |
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Term
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Definition
| training that is expected to produce a specific character or pattern of beaver, esp training that produces moral or mental improvement. |
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Term
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Definition
| increases the probability that the behavior it follows will reoccur |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases the probability that the behavior it follows will reoccur |
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Term
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Definition
| something given to a person for an accomplishment. |
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Term
| applied behavior analysis |
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Definition
| application of principles of behavior modification as a systematic, performance-based, self-evaluative endeavor |
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Term
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Definition
| ABA is performance-based b/c it's concerned with students' behavior and the ways in which environmental factors affect its expression |
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Term
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Definition
| ABA uses this. derived from both lab and field studies that have identified lawful relations between behavior and the environmental variables that affect its occurrence. |
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Term
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Definition
| ABA is analytic b/c functional relations b/t an intervention and a target behavior can be demonstrated. |
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Term
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Definition
| ABA is applied b/c it is characterized by the social importance of the behavior to be changed. |
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Term
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Definition
| set of rules and regulations that establish boundaries and explain how to solve problems within the given boundaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| offers few practical solutions to our task of managing students' challenging behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| provides a framework for examining and developing classroom contexts that are conductive for promoting students' appropriate behavior.. |
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Term
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Definition
| should provide a reasonable explanation for almost all behavior in which students engage |
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Term
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Definition
| able to be scientifically tested |
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Term
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Definition
| is any stimulus, when presented after the occurrence of a behavior, that increases the future occurrence of that behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| accidental association of a response and a positive reinforcer. |
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Term
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Definition
| repeatedly receiving reinforcement after the desired behavior occurs, students can make the association that certain behavior results in reinforcement. most likely to occur when reinforcement is administered immediately. |
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Term
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Definition
| states that a high-probability behavior is contingent on the occurrence of a low-probaility behavior. (mom's rule) |
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Term
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Definition
| when students have experienced the reinforcer to such an extent that it is no longer reinforcing. |
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Term
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Definition
| time prior to students' receiving positive reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| states that the max amount of a reinforcer available to students should be less than that which they would seek if they had free access to it. |
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Term
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Definition
| process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to the target behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| each response produces the discriminative stimulus (cue) for the next response (behavior) |
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Term
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Definition
| terminal response in the chain is conditioned first. |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcing every instance of the desirable behavior---is used to set a new behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| any stimulus that is reinforcing in itself (food, shelter, sleep, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| not originally reinforcing but acquires reinforcing power through association with a stimulus that is reinforcing (money, i.e.) |
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Term
| generalized conditioned reinforcer |
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Definition
| can be exchanged for a limitless number of things (money is not only good for lamps and socks but many things) |
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Term
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Definition
| certain stimuli whose removal immediately after we perform a behavior will increase the likelihood that we will perform that behavior in the future. |
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Term
| negative reinforcement trap |
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Definition
coercive relationships that often eve love between parents and children/parents and sometimes teachers/students
students learn to behave in ways that allow them to escape aversive stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior is performed to prevent the occurrence of an aversive stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcement occurs each time a set number of beavers of a particular type are performed |
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Term
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Definition
| resembles fixed-ratio except that the number of responses required to receive reinforcement changes unpredictably from one to next |
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Term
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Definition
| instance of a particular behavior being performed after a fixed period |
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Term
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Definition
| time must elapse before reinforcement becomes available, rather than being constant, changes unpredictable from one reinforcement to next |
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Term
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Definition
| same as FI or VI schedule with slight modification,---students must perform the beaver within a set amount of time after reinforcement becomes available. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs after the behavior has ben engaged in for a certain continuous period. |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of continuous time the behavior must be engaged in to produce reinforcement changes unpredictably from one reinforcement to next. |
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Term
| application of contingent stimulus |
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Definition
| involves following a specific behavior with some stimulus (punishment is produced by this) |
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Term
| contingent withdrawal of a positive reinforcer |
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Definition
| any positive reinforcer can become a punisher if it is removed after a problem behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| some behavior costs the individuals something they like |
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Term
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Definition
| often followed by type 1 or 2 punishment if there person continues to engage in the inappropriate behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| withholding reinforcement for a conditioned response |
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Term
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Definition
| reappearance of an extinguished behavior following a break |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in behavior due to not being able to perform it for an amt of time |
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Term
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Definition
| certain behaviors n the pretense of some stimuli and and not others---a phenomenon |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure by which students learn to express appropriate behavior in the pretense of the "right" stimuli and not the "wrong" stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| opposite of stimulus discrimination --- occurs when individuals respond in a similar manner to different stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual change of stimulus controlling a behavior, such that the behavior eventually occurs as the respond of a partially changed or completely new antecedent stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| group of responses (behaviors) that have at least one characteristic in common |
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Term
| differential reinforement |
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Definition
| reinforcing a certain behavior from a response class and extinguishing all other members of that class. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves recording the length of time per episode that students engage in the target behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| recording how long it takes students to begin engaging in a behavior after instructing them to perform it |
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Term
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Definition
| measures the occurrence or nonoccurrence of behavior within specified time intervals |
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Term
| partial interval recording |
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Definition
| only interested in whether the target behavior occurred at any time during the interval |
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Term
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Definition
| target behavior must be displayed for the entire duration of an interval |
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Term
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Definition
| recod the target behavior only if it occurs at the end of an interval |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which individuals behavior changes as a result of believing that they received a treatment when, in reality, they received something that lacked any intrinsic treatment value. |
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Term
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Definition
| phenomenon of working harder and producing more because of a feeling of participating in something new and special even when the innovations have no corrective merit. |
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Term
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Definition
| can result in different behaviors being observed and recorded than those originally targeted |
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Term
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Definition
| determining the reliability of recording depends on establishing this. the extent to which two observers record the same behavior accurately |
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Term
| permanent product and inter observer reliability |
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Definition
| % of agreement =agreements/agreements + disagreements x 100 |
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Term
| frequency recording and inter observer reliability |
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Definition
| % of agreement = smaller number/larger number X 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| items and activities that can be purchased using the conditioned reinforcer---in this case, money |
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Term
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Definition
| way to administer reinforcement---students earn tokens that an be exchanged for a variety of backup reinforcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| written document specifying who is involved, what behaviors are targeted, when and where the behaviors are to be performed, and how much reinforcement students will receive. |
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Term
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Definition
| place on contract where the students progress can be recorded --- |
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Term
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Definition
| examples of an interdependent group-orinented contingency |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when unpopular students are unfairly blamed by peers for all types of negative classroom outcomes and behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| modification of token economy where students connect two of the dots in a dot-to-dot pic when they perform a target behavior |
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Term
| differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) |
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Definition
| selecting and reinforcing behaviors that are topographically incompatible with the inappropriate behavior (synonymous with fair pair) |
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Term
| Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) |
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Definition
| similar to DRI in that alternatives to the inappropriate behavior are reinforced. However, unlike DRI, the alt behavior is not topographically compatible with the inappropriate behavior---rather a replacement behavior. |
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Term
| Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) |
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Definition
| reinforcing students for not engaging in inappropriate behavior for a specified time. |
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Term
| Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) |
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Definition
| involves reinforcing students when the target behavior is at a tolerable or desirable level. |
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Term
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Definition
| reset schedule, fixed-interval, increasing-interval, progressive schedule |
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Term
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Definition
| time that passes between occurrences of the inappropriate behavior |
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