Term
| Name the 5 accessory structures of the eye? |
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Definition
1. Eyebrow
2. Eyelid
3. Conjunctiva
4. Lacrimal Apparatus
5. Extrinsic eye muscles |
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Term
| What is another name for the eyelid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the eyelids? |
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Definition
| To protect the visible portion of the eye |
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Term
| What is the palpebral fissure? |
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Definition
| The space separating the two eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
| The places where the eyelids meet |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the medial canthus? |
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Definition
| Medial portion of the eye |
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Term
| Where is the lateral canthus? |
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Definition
| Lateral portion of the eye |
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Term
| What is the lacrimal caruncle and where is it located? |
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Definition
| It is the chunk of skin in the medial canthus responsible for mucous secretion |
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Term
| What structure allows the lacrimal caruncle to secrete mucous? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the muscle of the upper eyelid? |
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Definition
| Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle |
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Term
| What is the function of this muscle? |
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Definition
| Allows us to open our eyes; works with obicularis occuli to allow us to blink |
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Term
| What causes the blinking reflex? |
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Definition
| Displacement of the eyelashes |
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Term
| (T/F) Blinking is a protective mechanism |
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Definition
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Term
| How often to humans blink? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tarsal gland? |
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Definition
| The gland that secretes a lipid rich product that prevents our eyelids from sticking together |
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Term
| Where is the tarsal gland located? |
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Definition
| Inner margin of the eyelid |
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Term
| What often arises from the infection of the tarsal gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| When are the secretions of the tarsal gland most important? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Transparent mucous membranes |
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Term
| Where are the conjunctiva located? |
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Definition
| Lining the eyelids and covering the surface of the eye |
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Term
| What is the function of the conjunctiva? |
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Definition
| Protects the eye by secreting mucous membranes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the palpebral conjunctiva located? |
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Definition
| Inner surface of the eyelids |
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Term
| Where is the ocular conjunctiva located? |
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Definition
| Anterior surface of the eyeball |
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Term
| What are the components of the lacrimal apparatus? |
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Definition
1. lacrimal gland
2. lacrimal canal
3. Lacrimal sac
4. nasolacrimal duct |
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Term
| What is the overall function of the lacrimal apparatus? |
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Definition
| Production and removal of tears |
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Term
| What is the function of the lacrimal gland? |
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Definition
| The gland that produces tears |
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Term
| Where is the lacrimal gland located? |
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Definition
| In the upper, lateral corner of the eyesocket. |
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Term
| What is the function of the lateral canal (canaliculi)? |
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Definition
| To drain the tears from the lacrimal lake |
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Term
| Where does the lateral canal receive the tears from? |
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Definition
| The superior and inferior lacrimal puncta |
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Term
| What is the function of the lacrimal sac? |
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Definition
| Takes tears from the lateral canal and passes them to the nasolacrimal duct |
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Term
| Where is the lacrimal sac located? |
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Definition
| In the lacrimal groove of the lacrimal bone |
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Term
| What is the function of the nasolacrimal duct |
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Definition
| To empty tears into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity |
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Term
| Where do the drainage structures of the lacrimal apparatus start |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 6 extrinsic eye muscles |
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Definition
1. Superior rectus
2. Inferior rectus
3. Lateral rectus
4. Medial rectus |
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Term
| Function of the superior rectus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of the inferior rectus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of the lateral rectus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of the medial rectus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do all the rectus muscles originate? |
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Definition
| Inside the bony eye socket |
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Term
| Where do the rectus muscles insert? |
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Definition
| On the eyeball surface in their relative positiions |
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Term
| (T/F) All the rectus muscles have straight fibres |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the superior oblique muscle? |
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Definition
| Rolls eye down and medially |
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Term
| Describe the path the superior oblique muscle takes |
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Definition
| follow medial wall of bony eye socket until it gets to the point where the muscle goes through the pulley, taking a sharp band and inserts onto the lateral top side of the eyeball |
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Term
| What is the pulley of the superior oblique called? |
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Definition
| Trochlea of the superior oblique |
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Term
| What is the function of the inferior oblique? |
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Definition
| Rolls eye upwards and laterally |
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Term
| Describe the path of the inferior oblique |
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Definition
| originates from medial wall, extends laterally and obliquely and inserts into the lateral, bottom side of eye |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two poles of the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 layers of the eye? |
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Definition
1. Fibrous
2. Vascular
3. Sensory |
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Term
| What is another name for the eye layers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 regions of the fibrous tunic? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-glistening
-white
-opaque
-seen anteriorly as the white of the eye
-tough, tendon-like layer of tissue |
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Term
| What is the function of the sclera? |
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Definition
| Provides an attachment site for the extrinsic eye muscles |
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Term
| Where is the sclera the thickest? |
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Definition
| Posterior portion of the eye near the exit of the optic nerve |
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Term
| (T/F) The sclera contains both blood vessels and nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the transparent portion of the fibrous tunic called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-clear
-window allowing light into eye
-small relative to sclera |
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Term
| What is the function of the cornea? |
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Definition
| To allow light into the eye |
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Term
| (T/F) The cornea contains both nerves and blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) the fibrous tunic buldges out where the cornea meets the sclera |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) the cornea and sclera are continuous |
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Definition
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Term
| The cornea is (smaller/larger) compared to the sclera |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) With regards to pain, the cornea is the most sensitive part of the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the middle tunic of the eye called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 general functions of the vascular tunic? |
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Definition
1. Contains blood vessels that supply the eye
2. Controls lens shape
3. Regulates light entering the eye |
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Term
| Name the 3 structures of the vascular tunic |
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Definition
1. Choroid
2. Cilliary body
3. Iris |
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Term
| What is the function of the choroid? |
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Definition
| Contains the blood vessels of the eye |
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Term
| (T/F) the choroid is dark because it contains many blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes u the ciliary body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 components of the ciliary body? |
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Definition
1. Ciliary muscles
2. Ciliary processes
3. Suspensory ligaments (Z-fibres) |
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Term
| What is the function of the ciliary muscles? |
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Definition
| Controls the shape of the lens |
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Term
| Where does the ciliary body begin? |
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Definition
| At the junction between the sclera and cornea |
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Term
| What is the ciliary process? |
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Definition
| Where the ciliary body folds onto itself |
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Term
| Where are the suspensory ligaments? |
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Definition
| Insert into the lens and originate in the ciliary body. |
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Term
| What is the function of the z fibres? |
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Definition
| Holds the lens in place, and rounds the lens when the ciliary muscles contract |
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Term
| What does changing the shape of the lens accomplish? |
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Definition
| Accommodation, which allows light to be focused onto the fovea of the retina |
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Term
| What is the innermost tunic called? |
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Definition
| Sensory tunic (aka the retina) |
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Term
| What are the two layers of the sensory tunic? |
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Definition
| 1. Pigmented layer 2. Neural layer |
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Term
| What is the function of the pigmented layer? |
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Definition
| To absorb the light after it has passed through the neural layer, to prevent scattering. This allows the light to focus on the retina |
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Term
| (T/F) The pigmented layer shares a close biochemical relationship with the rods and cones |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) the pigmented layer is the most posterior layer |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the neural layer located? |
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Definition
| Anterior to the pigmented layer |
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Term
| (T/F) The neural layers is transparent |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 main cells of the neural layer? |
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Definition
1. Rods/Cones
2. Bipolar cells
3. Ganglion cells |
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Term
| What do the axons of the ganglia form? |
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Definition
| The inner portion of the retina/eyeball |
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Term
| How do the axons of the ganglia leave the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Where the optic nerve leaves the eye |
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Term
| What is another name for the blind spot, and why is it called this? |
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Definition
| Blind spot; no photoreceptors there |
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Term
| The eye is segmented into _____ and _____ segments |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the posterior cavity also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the posterior chamber contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) the posterior chambers is large |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the anterior cavity divided? |
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Definition
| Anterior and posterior subdivisions |
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Term
| What does the anterior chamber contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| (True) The anterior chamber is large |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The coloured portion of the eye |
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Term
| (T/F) The iris is continuous with the ciliary body |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the 2 components of the iris? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 muscles that control pupil size |
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Definition
1. Pubic sphincter
2. Dilating muscles |
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Term
| How is the pubic sphincter arranged? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the pubic sphincter |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How are the dilating muscles arranged? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the dilating muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| The muscles of the iris are what type of muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The iris contains only brown pigments |
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Definition
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|
Term
| (T/F) the iris gives the eye colour |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Eye colour is determined by what? |
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Definition
| The density and distribution of the pigments |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the vitreous humour? |
|
Definition
| Helps maintain the shape of the eye, supports posterior lens and gives physical support to the retina |
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Term
| (T/F) the aqueous humour forms continuously as interstitial fluids pass between epithelial cells of the ciliary processes and enter posterior chamber |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of aqueous humour? |
|
Definition
| Cushion, and transport of nutrients/waste |
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Term
| Where does the aqueous humour leave the eye? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| SEE PHYSIOLOGY NOTES FOR OPTIC PATHWAY |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Eye reflexes are triggered y info that bypasses the lateral geniculate nuclei |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the lateral geniculate nuclei? |
|
Definition
| The switching center that relays visual info to the reflex centres in the brain stem and cerebral cortex |
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Term
|
Definition
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