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| a journey made for a special purpose |
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| Italian who sailed for Spain looking for a water route to the Indies by sailing west; instead, he "discovered" the New World. |
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| King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella |
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| Spanish rulers who gave Columbus three ships to sail across the Atlantic in search of a water route to the Indies. |
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| Islands that Columbus landed on, inhabited by the Taino, whom he called Indians;these later became known as the West Indies |
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| settlement far from the country that rules it; Spain had these in the West Indies |
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| movement of people, animals, plants, diseases, and ways of life between the Eastern and Western hemispheres |
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| explorer who was the first to realize that Columbus had not discovered a water route to the Indies but a "new world." |
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| Aztec emperor defeated by Cortes |
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| Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs, turning Tenochtitlan into Mexico City, the capital of the Spanish colony |
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| group of Spanish soldiers who conquered native peoples in Central and South America |
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| Aztec capital taken over by Cortes |
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| native woman who became an ally of Cortes, helping him defeat the Aztec empire |
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| capture or taking of something by force |
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| Spanish colony with Mexico City as its capital |
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| to change; the Spanish tried to change the native peoples to Christianity |
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| Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca of South America |
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| ruler of the Inca empire; captured by Pizarro |
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| capital of the Inca empire; this became Lima, the capital of the Spanish colony of Peru |
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| Spanish conquistador who led an expedition through the Southeast, becoming the first European to reach the Mississippi River |
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| an African slave/sailor who told a story about a rich kingdom called Cibola |
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| Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca |
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| Spanish conquistador who explored what is now Texas, looking for the legendary kingdom of Cibola |
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| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado |
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| Spanish conquistador who explored the American Southwest looking for Cibola and finding the Grand Canyon |
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| large farms with many workers who lived on the land they worked |
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| colonists in New Spain who were born in Spain; these were at the top of New Spain's society |
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| colonists in New Spain who were of Spanish background but born in the Americas; these were under the peninsulares in importance |
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| colonists in New Spain who were of mixed Spanish and Indian background; these were the largest group in New Spain society |
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| the lowest position in New Spain society |
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| a gift of land from the Spanish king to a peninsulare, giving control of all the Indians who lived there to the penisulare |
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| a person who teaches his/her religion to others who have different beliefs |
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| a religious settlement where missionaries live and work; their purpose was to teach native peoples about Christianity |
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| priest who spoke out against the mistreatment of Indians under the care of the church |
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| Caribbean island, colony of Spain, where African slaves were first brought to replace the Indian slaves |
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| Spanish conquistador who explored Florida in search of the Fountain of Youth |
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