Term
|
Definition
It is the number of people who die during a sample.
FALSE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| key thing to worry about when doing sampling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is IMPORTANT. bIGGER IS BETTER. |
|
|
Term
| True/False: Sample error is relate to sample size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
who ever has what you consider is important
you match them randomly with a group with the same attributes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| you weigh variables that are more important. |
|
|
Term
| when doing a study you have to think of...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| just because i want to talk to you doesnt mean you want to talk to me. There is a potential inherent bias in people who oppose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
you can add up all intervals and figure out how confident you are.
Trick= the bigger the sample, the smaller the confidence level.
Large samples have small errors and small samples have large errors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| t is truly reflective of the large population because randomness as oppose to a systematic bias effects how you picked them. |
|
|
Term
Quantitative research focuses on a detailed exploration of a topic
True or False |
|
Definition
| FALSE--qualitative(below surface) and quant(surface). |
|
|
Term
| TRUE/FALSE--Value questions cannot be answered by science. |
|
Definition
| TRUE. we can study them but we can't answer. |
|
|
Term
| TRUE/FALSE---A binomal measurement is one of the levels of measurement |
|
Definition
| FALSE. 1)Nominal. 2)Ordinal. 3)Interval. 4) Ratio. |
|
|
Term
| TRUE/FALSE---Basic research is concerned how its findings are applied to societ |
|
Definition
| FALSE. (Basic=lab working with molecules)--Applied research is concerned. |
|
|
Term
| TRUE/FALSE---Your never required to debrief subjects in research projects. |
|
Definition
FALSE. (Some studies you are deceiving them so you have to debreif the study)---
If you've decieved them, you must inform them after the study. |
|
|
Term
| TRUE/FALSE---IRB boards are required to have community member. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TRUE/FALSE---Deductive reasoning starts with data first. |
|
Definition
| FALSE. (It starts with the theory first). |
|
|
Term
| RUE/FALSE---A null hypothesis states the way 2 variables should relate. |
|
Definition
| TRUE, because a null hyp. states how relationhsips should relate. A null hyp says there is no relationhsip between 2 variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ongoing process of searching and working toward the truth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly aware perspective that tries to avoid fallacies, reveal assumptions, adopt multiple viewpoints, and keep an open mind while questioning simple solutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evidence of actual events occurring in the world that come from direct or indirect observations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evidence in the form of numbers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evidence in the form of visual images, words, or sounds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research into a new topic to develop a general understanding and refining ideas for future research. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research that presents a quantitative or qualitiative picture of an event, activity, or group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research that attempts to test a theory or develop a new accounting of why activities, events, or relations occur as they do. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| applied research that is designed to learn whether a program, product, or policy does what it claims to do. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research to extend basic understanding and fundamental knowledge about hte world by creating and testing theories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research to answer a specific practical question and give usable answers in the short term. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a detailed plan fpor conducting a study on a specific research question, that includes a literature review and specific techniques to be used. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a summary of previously conducted studies on the same topic or research question. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an online service or publication that provides an index, abstract list, or database with which you can quickly search for articles in numerous scholarly journals by title, topic, author, or subject area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a scholarly publication that has been independently evaluated for its quality and merits by several knowledgeable professional researchers and found acceptable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short summary, usually on the first page of a scholarly journal article. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| documenting a source of information in a standardized format. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research in which you start many specific observations and move toward general ideas or theory to capture what they show. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research in which you start with a general idea or theory and test it by looking at specific observations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a broad category of cases or units to which the study findings apply. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a relatively fixed sequence of steps in one forward direction, with little repeating, moving directly to a conclusion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| advancing without fixed order that often requires successive passes through previous steps and moves toward a conclusion indirectly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a feature of ca case or unit that represents multiple types, values, or levels.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the variable of factors, forces, or conditions acting on another variable to produce an effect or chang in it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the variable influenced by and changes as an outcome of another variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable that comes between the independent and dependent variable in a casul relationship. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statement about the relationship of two (or more) variables yet to be tested with empirical data. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hypothesis that tere is no relationship between two variables, that htey do not influence one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a type of research explanation in which you identify one or more causes for an outcome, and place cause and effect in a larger framework.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ideas and themes that are built up from data observation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the case or unit on which you measure variables or other characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the level of reality to which explanations refer, mirco to macro. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two variables appear to be causally connected but in reality, they are not because an unseen third factor is the true cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| violating basic and generally accepted standards of honest scientific research, for example, research fraud and plagiarism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - to invent, falsify or distort study data or to lie about how a study was conducted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using another poerson’s words or ideas without giving them proper credit and instead passing them off as your own. |
|
|
Term
| Principle of voluntary consent |
|
Definition
| never force anyone to participate in a research study, participants should explicitly and voluntarily agree to participate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - an agreement in which participants state they are willing to be in a study and know what the research procedure will involve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not connecting a participant’s name or idnetifying details to information collected about him or he |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holding information in confidence or not making it known to the public. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people lacking the cognitive competency or full freedom to give true informed consent. |
|
|
Term
| Institutional review board (IRB) |
|
Definition
| a committee of researchers and community memebers that oversees, monitors, and reviews the impact of research procedures on human participants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a written, formal set of professional standards that provides guidance when ethical questions arise in practice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a researcher sees unethical behavior and, after unsuccessful attempts to get superiors to end it, goes public to expose the wrongdoing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small collection of units taken from a larger collection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a larger collection of units from which a sample is taken |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sample drawn in which a random processi s used to select units from a population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nonrandom sample in which you use a nonsystematic selection method that often produces samples very unlike the population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nonrandom sample in which you use an means to fill preset categories that are characteristics of the population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nonrandom sample in which you use many diverse means to select units that fit very specific characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nonrandom sample in which selection is based on connections in a preexisting network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a case or unit of analysis of the population that can be selected for a sample. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a population specified in very concrete terms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any characteristics of the entire population that you estimate from a sample. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ratio of the sample size to the size of the target population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which a sample deviates from a population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a plot of many random samples, with a sample characteristic across the bottom and the number of samples indicated along the side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an approximation to random sampling in which you select one in a certain number of sample elements; the number is from the sampling interval. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the size of the sample frame over the sample size, used in systematic sampling to select units. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of random sampling in which a random sample is drawn from multiple sampling frames, each for a part of the population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a multistage sampling method in which clusters are randomly sampled, and then a random sample of elements is taken from sampled clusters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| computer based random sampling of telephone numbers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group that is very difficult to locate and may not want to be found are therefore is dificult to sample. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a zone, above and below the estimate from a sample, within which a population parameter is likely to be. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refining an idea by giving it a very clear, explicit definition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - defining a variable or concept in theoretical terms with assumptions and references to other concepts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of linking a conceptual definition with specific of measures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defining a concept as specific operations or actions that you carry out to measure it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stating a hypothesis with the variables as abstract concepts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the hpothesis states in terms of specific measures of variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - a feature of measures- the method of measuring is dependable and consistent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a feature of measures; the concept of ineterest closely matches the method used to measure it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fit between a concept and how it is measured. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having several different specific measures that to indicate the same concept. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the degree a measure is refined or precise.
Continuous variable- a variable that can be measured with numbers that can be subdivided into smaller increments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable measured with a limited nubmer of fixed categories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure that captures a concept’s intensity, direction, or level at the odrinal level of measurement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a composite measure that combines several indicators into a single score. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each unit fits into one, and only one, category of a variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all units fit into some category of a variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all items of an index scale measure the same concept or have a common dimension. |
|
|
Term
| (operationalization and operational definition are not in the summary key terms but are bolded in the chapter and have definitions on the sides of the page) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any nonexperimental study in which correlations in data are examined and cause-effect relations are shown indirectl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable that represents a possibly alternative explanation to the main hypothesis being tested; often control variables are measured in survey research with questions in addition to measures of the indpendent and dependent variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fixed collection of questions used in a social survey that respondents answer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a questionnaire specifically designed for an interviewer asking respondents the questions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a confusing survey question that includes two or more ideas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a survey question worded such that respondents are pushed to a specific answer to position. |
|
|
Term
| Open-ended question format- |
|
Definition
survey questions that allow respondents to give any answer.
|
|
|
Term
| Closed-ended question format- |
|
Definition
| survey questions in which respondents must chose among fixed answer choices. |
|
|
Term
| Standard-format question- |
|
Definition
| a closed-ended survey question that does not offer a “don’t know” or “no opinion” option. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a closed-ended survey question that includes a choice for respondents who have no opinion or do not know about an issue.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a contingency survey question that first asks whether a respondent knows about an issue, then only asks those with knowledge about the issue. |
|
|
Term
| Social desirability bias- |
|
Definition
| a tendency for survey respondents to answer in a way that conforms to social expectations or makes them look good rather than to answer honestly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - a two-part question in which a first question screens who gets the second question. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the ordering of survey questions influences how respondents answer them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a neutral request made by an interviewer to clarify an ambigous answer, complete an incomplete answer, or obtain a relevant response.
|
|
|
Term
| Computer-assisted telephone interviewing |
|
Definition
| telephone survey technology that intergrates interviewing over the phone with a computer for the questionnaire and data entry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| correlation shows things go together but don’t necessarily cause each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what we know today, we might not know tomorrow
What we though was true can be proved to be false
|
|
|
Term
| TRUE/FALSE: everybody is the same as the representative sample |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
· DTC- direct to consumer campaign
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erms that explain the idea we are trying to discuss and present. The way we identitfy qualitative data. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - the CAUSE of the dependent variable (family environment) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What we want to understand (children), depends on something |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connection between daily temperature and sale of ice cream is related to sun spots-things just happen to correlate at times |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no relationship between the two variables. Statistics are used to prove the null hypothesis. Cant prove it, you can only reject it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
you don’t know the patients/subjects are coming
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hire actors who play the role of a patient “secret shoppers” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Principles of informed consent- Belmont Principles
· 1. Respect people- dignity, autonomy, independence
· 2. Beneficence- do no harm, risk outweighs benefit
· 3. Justice- no group is less important
|
|
|
Term
| The us has never violated rights- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
· Consent- legally binding
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Critical reading- really understand what they did and decide
|
|
|
