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| a series of sonnets on a particular theme, often to (for) a particular person. Numerous poets have written sonnet cycles including Shakespeare, Donne, Wordsworth, Petrarch, and Spenser. |
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| Italian meter, octave and sestet. ABBAABBA CDECDE (written for Laura who probably died of the plague in 1348). Petrarch established the form in his Canzoniere, but many poets wrote sonnets and sonnet cycles. |
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| iambic pentameter, three quatrains and a couplet. ABAB BCBC CDCD EE |
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| iambic pentameter, three quatrains and a couplet. ABAB CDCD EFEF GG |
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| the system of stressed and unstressed syllables used by formal or metrical verse (poetry). U= unstressed syllable, /= stressed syllable |
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| Lines of formal verse are broken into their natural "____" or sets of two syllables (unless clearly an anapest or dactyl). |
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| A ________ ______ is a loose unstressed syllable at the end of a line (rare). |
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| A ____________ is a deviation from the dominant type of meter used in the poem. One common use of substitution is where the first foot of an iambic sonnet is a trochee rather than an iamb. |
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| Scanning or ________ is the act of breaking a poem into metrical feet. |
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| _______ is the study of verse. |
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| 1 metrical foot, 2 syllables |
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| 2 metrical feet, 4 syllables. |
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| 3 metrical feet, 6 syllables |
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| Poetry is also broken into _______ which are consistent units of lines. |
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| Unrhymed lines in iambic pentameter. |
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| Poetry of various line lengths, without formal meter or rhyme. |
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| Choice of words. Diction may be colloquial, formal, abstract, playful, etc. |
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| Organization of words into sentences. Syntax may be convoluted, simple, declarative, inquisitive, etc. |
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| The direct and specific meaning of a word. |
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| What is suggested by a word apart from what it explicitly describes (denotes). |
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| Repetition of consonant sounds, particularly at the beginning of words: "Like a white, wooly whale." |
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| Repetition of identical consonant sounds before and after different vowels: Slip/slop, creak/croak, black, block. |
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| A story in prose or verse that contains a surface meaning and a secondary, symbolic meaning. |
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| Reference to outside texts, usually implicit-that is, not overt. |
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| The direct address of an inanimate object, abstraction, or absent person: "Oh, Love..." |
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| Use of words that imitate sounds: "buzz, shhh." |
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| Image, Figurative Language |
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| Writing that tries to convey a picture in a reader's mind. |
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| A contradiction of expectation between what is said or meant (verbal irony), or what is expected in a particular circumstance (situational). |
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| deliberate exaggeration, overstatement. |
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| A closely related word substituted for an object or idea: "We have been loyal to the crown" |
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| Any repeated idea, description, word, group of words, theme, trope, etc. that appears in a text. |
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| The atmosphere of the text: the "feel of the story or poem. |
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| The endowment of inanimate objects or abstractions with living qualities. |
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| Play on words or a humorous use of a word with more than one implied meaning. |
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| Describing an element of one sense with the terminology of another: "Her voice was bitter." |
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| A person, place, or thing that designates itself while also representing something else. |
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| The attitude a literary work takes toward its theme or subject. |
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| A poetic line that ends grammatically where it ends spatially. |
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| Rhyme at the end of a line |
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| Rhyme at the beginning of a line. |
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| Rhyme within the span of a line. |
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| An incomplete or partial rhyme: "abroad/head," "crumb/home," "seam/swim." |
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| a poetic line that does not end grammatically where it ends spatially ; that is, the syntax continues into the next line. |
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| Use of an apostrophe to slur a word to keep with meter; the removal of a syllable. |
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| a poem in praise of a god or a hero. A hymnal stanza is ABCB or ABAB in alternating iambic tetrameter and trimeter. |
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| a formal lament for the passing of an individual. |
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| A monologue set in a specific situation where a narrator speaks in verse and reveals psychological elements. |
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| a grand lyrical poem of significant length, usually reserved for ceremonial occasions if for public use, meditative purposes if for private use. |
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| A poem that describes a bucolic country scene that evokes tranquil happiness. Idyll is sometimes used to descripe a euphoric setting or scene or feeling that is impossible to attain. |
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