Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxidized Fe3+ (ferric iron) |
|
Definition
| reds, yellows; well-drained |
|
|
Term
| Reduce Fe2+ (ferrous iron) |
|
Definition
| greys, blues; poorly drained |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 30" or greater depth to grey or mottles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 18-30" depth to grey or mottles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10-18" (mostly brown) depth to grey or mottles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10-18" (mostly grey) depth to grey or mottles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 2-0.5 mm (usually quartz)
- gritty feeling
- large voids, rapid draining
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 0.05-0.002 mm (quartz or feldspar)
- floury feel to soil
- smaller pores (more numerous), retains water
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- < 0.002 mm
- large specific surface area
- colloidal (stays suspended in water)
- pores very small, water movement very slow
- shaped like flakes or platelets
- properties depend on type/amount
|
|
|
Term
| Clay has a _____________ ribbon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clay loam has a ______ ribbon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loam has a _______ ribbon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Silt has a ______ texture. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arrangement of primary soil particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characteristics of surface (A) horizons; subject to wide and rapid changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common in E-horizons, may occur in any part of the profile; often inherited from parent material of soil or caused by compaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common in R horizons, particularly in humid regions; may occur in A horizons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually found in B horizons; most common in soils of arid and semi-arid regions |
|
|
Term
| Sand ________, _________ to transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clay is _______ to detach, _______ to transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Silt is ________ to detach, _______ to transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biological Processes That Form Soil Aggregates |
|
Definition
- soil organisms (earthworms)
- particle enmeshing by sticky network of roots (polysaccharides) and hyphae (Glomalin)
- production of organic glues (not water soluble) by microorganisms
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- major agent in spheroidal formation and stabilization
- carbon source for a, b, c & above
- tillage
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- incorporates OM (short term)
- increases OM oxidation (long term)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- interped spaces
- fast drainage
- rapid gas exchange
- biopore (created by living organisms)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- intraped spaces
- usually filled with water
|
|
|
Term
| As pore space increases, _______ decreases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Finer silt loams, clay, clay loams = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As depth decreases, so does Db |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- due to aggregate dispersion (high salt content, rainfall action)
- clogged pores by individual spore particles
- poor seedling emergence
- high runoff rates
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- promotes flocculation
- prevents soil crusting
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to natural organics |
|
|
Term
| Soil Tilth Management Guidelines |
|
Definition
-
minimize tillage
-
time traffic activities (soil should be dry as possible)
-
mulch soil surface
-
add OM
-
include sod crops
-
use cover crops or green manures
-
apply gypsum with or without organic polymers
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- rate of gas exchange within atmosphere
- proportion of pore spaces filled with air
- composition of the soil air
- resulting oxidation/reduction potential
|
|
|
Term
| O2 availability controlled by: |
|
Definition
-
macroporosity
-
water content
-
O2 consumption
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Atmosphere - 21% O2, 0.035% CO2, >78% N
-
Soil Atmosphere - Same N, Lower O2, Higher CO2
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fe3+, Mn4+, NO3-, and SO42- predominate |
|
|
Term
| Poorly Drained/Poorly Aerated Soil |
|
Definition
| Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4+, and S2- predominate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soils that are water-saturated near the surface fore prolonged periods when the soil temperature is high enough to result in anaerobic conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- wetland hydrology or water regime
- hydric soils
- hydrophytic plants
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
