Term
| what percentage is pore space in an 'average' soil? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| feldspar, mica, hoornblende, and quartz |
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Term
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Definition
| limestone, shale, and standstone |
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Term
| what is the relationship between rocks and minerals |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sand-sized particles, that haven't changed chemically, only physically |
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Term
| define secondary minerals |
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Definition
| clay-sized particles that have changed chemically from the primary mineral |
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Term
| what is the chemical composition of quartz, about quartz |
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Definition
| SiO2, most abundant mineral in many soils, good drainage, low in nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| from molten magma, primary minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| deposition/cementation of weathered rocks, secondary minerals, assc'd w oceans and lakes |
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Term
| metamorphic rock, give example |
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Definition
| igneous/sedimentary rocks exposed to heat & pressure, quartzite (from quartz) |
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Term
| four specific types of clay-sized particles |
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Definition
| layer silicate clays, allophane and imogolite, iron and aluminum oxide clays, and organic soil clays |
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Term
| define layer silicate clay, give five examples |
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Definition
| minerology: structure in layers or sheets; smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, illite, and vermiculite |
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Term
| what is a 1:1 type mineral |
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Definition
| one tetrahedral Si sheet: 1 octahedral Al sheet, shares an Oxygen within a layer, hydrogen bonding between layers makes for a very strong bond: kaolinite |
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Term
| what is a 2:1 type mineral |
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Definition
| 1 tetrahedral Si sheets: 1 octahedral Al sheet, also holds an Oxygen, holds different things between layers: water (smectite), magnesium (vermiculite), and potassium (illite) |
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Term
| list three factors that modify physical weathering |
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Definition
| particle size/composition, temperature, and plants & animals |
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Term
| list six ways minerals are chemically weathered |
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Definition
| hydration, hydrolysis, dissolution, carbonation (or another acid), redox, complexation |
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