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| the use of objectivity, systematic observations to test theories |
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| A general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another |
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| an examination of large-scale patterns in society |
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| an examination of small-scale patterns in society |
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| value neutrality in research |
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| the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that characterize a group and are passes from one generation to the next |
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| the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to negative evaluations of their values, norms, and behaviors |
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| not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms |
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| something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others |
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| the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another |
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| what is expected of people, the expectations(or rules) intended to guide people's behaviors |
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| the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly |
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| either expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them |
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| a people's ideal values and norms; the goals held out for them |
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| the norms and values that people actually follow( as opposed to ideal cultures) |
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