Term
| Define Social Interaction |
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Definition
| Behavior between 2 or more people that is given meaning. (language, communication, bonds) |
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Term
| Define Social organization |
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Definition
| order- brings regularity , predictability to human interactions. occurs through social structure |
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Term
| Define social institution |
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Definition
| Any established, organized system of social behavior that has a recognized, neccassry purpose. |
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Term
| What is social structure? |
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Definition
| organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions |
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Term
| List and describe the two types of solidarity. |
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Definition
Mechanical- everyone does everything, people develope a sense of similarity (bond)
Organic- interdependent. |
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Term
| Define and provide examples of Social Groups |
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Definition
| multiple people who share goals, beliefs, values, and who interact/ have subjective awareness that identifies who is and isn't a group member (clubs at school) |
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Term
| Define and provide examples of status. |
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Definition
| established position in a social group. (president of school club) |
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Term
| Define and provide examples of roles |
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Definition
| the expected behavior associated with your status. (run meetings for club) |
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Term
| What are ascribed and achieved status? |
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Definition
Ascribed- born into
Achieved- earned |
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Term
| What is a status set and master status? |
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Definition
Set- combination of statuses
Master- most significant status in status set |
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Term
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Definition
| all the roles you play at once |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more roles that lay out contradictory, incompatible behavior. (going to work vs. going to class) |
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Term
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Definition
| one role provides contradictory expectations (parent having to choose between two kid's activities) |
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Term
| What is dramaturgical analysis and who created it? |
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Definition
| Goffman: we go through certain actions to change how others percieve us (series of attempts to con people) we are the actors, everyone else is the audience. behavior takes place on front stage and back stage. |
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Term
| Define social stratification |
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Definition
| how we lable people? (i dont have a definition for it written down) |
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Term
| What is the Class system? |
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Definition
| No formal obstacles to movement up and down. achieved (patially), highly dependent on background. intergenerational mobility |
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Term
| What is the Caste system? |
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Definition
| born into certain place of hierarchy and stay there. ascribed |
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Term
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Definition
| sum total of everything you own minus everything you owe. (most is inherited) |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of money you bring in in a given time period |
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Term
| How is wealth and income determined/ distributed? |
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Definition
| motivation/ insentive system. motives people to fill the most important roles, and roles are rewarded for how important they are to society. |
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Term
| What was Marx's class system? |
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Definition
proletariets- poor working class
bourgeoisie- rich capitalists who owned means of production |
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Term
| What is Marx's class Scheme? |
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Definition
petty bourgeoisie- small shop owners, midlevel managers
working class- proletariat
lempen proletariat- reserve force of unemployed laborers who drive down the price of labor (artificially depress wages) |
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Term
| What is Webers stratification scheme? |
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Definition
| class, status, party- competing interests- different groups have differing amounts of power. society dominated by elites, reproduces inequality. |
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Term
| What is the functionalist view on social class? |
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Definition
| it serves a purpose- people have roles based on their skills and everything can get done |
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Term
| What is the conflict theory view on social class? |
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Definition
| Reproduces inequality: poor stay poor, rich get richer. |
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Term
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Definition
| being able to move up and down in social classes |
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Term
| How is the U.S. class stuctured? |
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Definition
| ways to meaure class: income, occupational standing, educational attainment. the best predictor is your parents |
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Term
| How is poverty determined? |
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Definition
| Based on annual income and how many people you need to take care of on that income. Mostly black and hispanic children live in poverty. 1/6 or U.S. population is in poverty. |
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Term
| What is the feminization of poverty? |
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Definition
| high/ increasing proportion of women and children in poverty |
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Term
| What are the 3 explainations of poverty? |
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Definition
| meritocracy, culture, structural |
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Term
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Definition
| people get what they deserve/ work for. puts blame of the poor because they lack edication, job skills, training to make money |
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Term
| What is culture of poverty? |
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Definition
| attributes poverty to lack of work values, irresponsibility passed down from generations. blames neighborhood. community. lack cultural capital that would drive them to work. get rid of welfare and other programs that breed dependency |
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Term
| What is structural poverty? |
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Definition
| blames society for location of jobs, gender wape gap, no health care provided, inadequacy of welfare to lift people from poverty. |
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Term
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Definition
| entitlement programs- any gov't program that has a one way cash transfer (medicare, medicaid, disability payments) |
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Term
| Who get the most entitlements? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary assistance to needy families. passed in 1996 by Clinton- can have only a 20 hr work week and canbe on it for 24 consec. months. may recieve for 5 years in your lifetime. largest recipients: kids. |
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Term
| What is the problem with the criticism that people should just "get a job"? |
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Definition
| There aren't enough jobs to go around, and people may not have the means to move to where jobs are, or are disabled and cant work. |
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Term
| what are the myths of welfare? |
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Definition
| people on welfare are too lazy to get a job (getting a job is hard), no one who gets welfare works: 40% of ppl on welfare live in a household with earnings |
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Term
| Describe race: biological vs. social category. |
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Definition
race is based on percieved biology in soc.- defined by outsiders.
Ethnicity- social catagory for classifying people who have common culture- defined by insiders- sense of belonging |
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Term
| What are the 4 traits of a subordinate group? |
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Definition
1)Some distinguishing trait different from dominant group
2)suffer from prejudice/ discrimination
3)membership typically ascribed
4)group solidarity, sense of belonging |
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Term
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Definition
| over generalized belief about members of a group. reinforces prejudice |
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Term
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Definition
| belief or feeling you have toward perticular group |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior- overt, negative, unequal treatment of ppl based on group membership (focused on outcomes, not intent) |
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Term
| What is institutional discrimination? |
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Definition
| idea that certain institutions in society have no prejudiced actors but day to day behavior causes groups to be treated differently |
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Term
| What is merton's patternt of prejudice and discrimination? |
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Definition
1)Timid Bigot- prejudiced person who doesn't discriminate
2)Active Bigot- prejudiced person who discriminates
3)All-weather liberal- non-prejudiced person who doesnt discriminate
4)Fair weather liberal- non-prejudiced person who does discriminate |
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Term
| What is affirmitave action and how was it created? |
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Definition
| Supreme court decision to allow public colleges and universities to take account of race in admission decisions. Grutter Vs. Bollinger case in 2003 |
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Term
| What is the scapegoat theory? |
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Definition
| as members of a dominant group experience frustrations in attempts to achieve success, they find a scapegoat and blame their frustrations on different groups (working class blame immigrants) |
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Term
| What is an Authoritarian personality? Who came up with it? |
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Definition
| Adorno- People with these personalities are more likly to stereotype different groups in an attempt to explain the world more simply. They categorize others and rigidly conform |
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Term
| What is a Functionalist's view of race relations? |
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Definition
| racial inequality has to do with how different groups act. To reduce racial/ethnic inequality, minorities must act like members of dominant soc. (assimilation) this encourages people to become part of main group, leading to solidarity |
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Term
| What is a conflict theory view of race relations? |
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Definition
| It is another form of economic inequality. Racial divions exist to reproduce econ. inequality |
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Term
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Definition
| The thought that we have to look at the effects of race, gender, and other forms of inequality as a whole and not seperately |
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Term
| What is a symbolic interactionist theorist view of racial inequality? |
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Definition
look at how we are socialized to believe different ideas about different groups. (racial socialization)
Language creates stereotypical images, defines terms through which we percieve other groups |
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Term
| What is the contact theory and what three conditions must be present? |
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Definition
if there is interaction between 2 different groups, this reduces prejudice in both groups
1)sustained contact
2)contact between people of relatively equal status
3)social norms favoring equality agreed upon by both parties |
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Term
| What are the two theories of ways to get rid of racial inequality? |
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Definition
Colorblind/ race neutral theory
race specific (affirmative action) |
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Term
| What is the Colorblind theory? |
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Definition
| the idea that completely ignoring race and treating all groups equally with no barriers to equal opportunities will get rid of racial inequality. |
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Term
| What is the sedimentation of inequality? |
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Definition
| the cumulative effects of the past that disadvantage minority groups. (Blacks and other groups don't have the same wealth to pass down, start out with as white do b/c of past inequalities) |
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Term
| What is the Affimative Action theory? |
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Definition
| We need to take steps to even the playing field between whites and minorities. Employers must give consideration to subordinate groups. |
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Term
| What was affirmative action created? |
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Definition
| Regents of Univ. of California v. Bakke- case where U. Cal. had 16/100 openings set aside for minorities (this was a quota, which is unconstitutional) |
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Term
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Definition
Gratz/Grutter v. Bollinger?
rejected use of points system?
(not really sure about this) |
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