Term
| How we define family: traditional definition |
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Definition
| people related by blood, marriage, or adoption |
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Term
| How do we define family: US census bureau |
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Definition
| two or more persons who share a household and are related by blood, marriage, or adoption |
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Term
| How do we define family: Burgess and Locke (1945) |
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Definition
expanded definition to include social roles, and creating and maintaining a common culture
-focuses on status (titles)and roles (behaviors) |
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Definition
| family comprised of adults and their children |
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Definition
| family comprised of parents, children, and other relatives such as grandparents |
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Definition
| nonrelatives whose bonds are strong and intimate |
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Definition
| the family you were born into |
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Definition
| the family you make through marriage,partnering, and/or parenthood |
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| social science definition of family |
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Definition
| relationship by blood, marriage, or affection, in which members may cooperate economically, may care for any children and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group |
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Definition
-regulation of sexual behavior
-reproducing and socializing children
-economic cooperation
-social placement, status, and roles
-care, warmth, protection, and intimacy |
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Definition
| a major sphere of social life with a set of beliefs and rules that is organized to meet basic human needs |
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Definition
| the major defining status or statuses that a person occupies |
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Definition
stable framework of social relationships that guides our interactions with other
-prescriptive: what you should do
-proscriptive: what you shouldn't do |
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Term
| functionalists perspective on family |
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Definition
family plays many roles:
-socialization for young
-socioeconomic support
-reproduction
-regulated sexual activity
-transmits social status
-economics |
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Term
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Definition
-views individual and group as being in conflict
-competition and struggle is natural and often desirable
-conflict over power
-conflict over resources |
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Term
| symbolic interaction perspective |
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Definition
-focus on family interactions that determine behavior
-three important mechanisms:
1. definition of the situation
2. self-image based on others interactions
3. predictability of behavior |
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Definition
| focuses on the individual and his/her interactions in specific settings |
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Definition
| focus on interconnections of marriage, families, and intimate relationships with the rest of society |
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Definition
| legally recognized contract between a woman and a man |
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Definition
| one person is married to another person of the opposite sex (traditional) |
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Definition
| one person is married to multiple husbands or wives |
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Definition
| women with more than 1 husband |
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Definition
| men with more than 1 wife |
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Definition
| form of social organization in which the norm or expectation is that men have a natural right to be in positions of authority over women |
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Definition
| form of social organization in which the norm or expectation is that the power and authority in society would be vested in women |
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Definition
| the expectation that power and authority are vested in both men and women, equally |
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Definition
| descent that can be traced through both male and female sides of the family |
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Definition
| descent pattern where lineage is traced exclusively through the man's family line |
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Definition
| descent pattern where lineage is traced exclusively or primarily within women's families |
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Definition
| the expectation that a newly married couple establishes a residence and lives there independently |
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Definition
| the expectation that a newly married couple will live with the husband's family |
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Definition
| the expectation that a newly married couple will live with the family of the wife. |
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Definition
-business
-schools
-churches
-correctional institutions
-health and social welfare institutions |
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Definition
| transformed economy from small family farms to one of large urban industries |
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Definition
| daunting hardships on families, increased unemployment, poverty, and homelessness |
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Definition
| ushered women into the labor force, deemed a "patriotic duty" |
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Definition
| women were encouraged to give up their wartime jobs to men returning from the battlefield, were fired if they failed to quit voluntarily |
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Definition
| rich made tremendous gains, middle and lower income classes have experienced stagnation |
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Definition
| approach that answers questions through a systematic collection and analysis of data |
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Definition
-describe some phenomena
-examine the factors that predict or are associated with some phenomena
-explain the cause-and-effect relationships or provide insight into why certain events do or do not occur |
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| research and theory work together |
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Definition
-neither research nor theory can stand alone
-theories must be tested
-findings must be explained with theory |
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Definition
| sample in which every "person of interest" has an equal chance of being selected into your research study |
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Definition
| research method that allows an interviewer to obtain detailed responses to questions |
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Definition
| controlled method for determining cause and effect |
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| small group interview of people who are brought together to discuss a particular topic |
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Definition
| research method that goes into the natural setting and observes people in action |
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Definition
| research method in which the data were collected for some other purpose but still are useful to the researcher |
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Definition
| theory that attempts to determine the structure, systems, functions, and equilibrium of social institutions |
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Definition
| theory that emphasizes issues surrounding social inequality, power, conflict, and social change |
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Definition
| theory that emphasizes the symbols we use in everyday interaction-words, gestures, appearances- and how these are interpreted |
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Definition
| theory that suggests families, and individual family members, go through distinct stages over time, with each stage having its own set of tasks, roles, and responsibilities |
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Definition
| marriage based on mutual affection, sexual attraction, compatibility, and personal happiness |
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Definition
| research that focuses on data that can be measured numerically |
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Definition
| theory in which gender is seen as the central concept for explaining family structure and family dynamics |
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Definition
| the ability of human beings to create viable lives even when they are constrained or limited by social forces |
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Definition
| narrative description with words rather than numbers to analyze patterns and their underlying meanings |
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Definition
| theory that draws upon a model of human behavior used by many economists. It assumes that individuals are rational beings, and their behavior reflects decisions evaluated on the basis of coasts-both direct and opportunity costs-and benefits |
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Definition
| the lifelong process by which we learn the cultural values, rules, expectations, and skills needed to function as human beings and participate in society |
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Definition
| the social position that a person occupies |
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Definition
| theory that proposes that a family system-the family members and the roles that they play- is larger than the sum of its individual members. |
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Definition
| a general framework, explanation, or tool used to understand and describe the real world. |
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Definition
| refers to the biological terms of male and female |
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Definition
| refers to learned behavior involving how we are expected to act as males and females in society |
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Definition
| teaching the cultural norms associated with being male or female |
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Term
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Definition
the primary groups responsible for gender socialization
-parents
-school
-toys
-peers
-the media |
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Definition
| gender socialization which is taught informally in school |
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Definition
| category describing people who share real or perceived physical straits that society deems socially significant, such as skin color |
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Definition
| shared cultural characteristics, such as language, place of origin, dress, food religion, and other values |
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Definition
| a group of people who share specific cultural features |
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Definition
| category of people who have less power than the dominant group, and who are subject to unequal treatment |
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Definition
| social networking connections, which can be a valuable source of information, such as a resource for job leads |
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Definition
| a negative attitude about member of selected racial and ethnic groups |
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Definition
| oversimplified sets of beliefs about a group of people |
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Definition
| behaviors, actions, or practices based on racial or ethnic preferences that have harmful impacts |
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Term
| individual discrimination |
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Definition
| one person exhibiting a negative behavior towards another person |
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Term
| institutional discrimination |
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Definition
| social institutions such as the government, religion, and education create policies and practices that are systematically disadvantageous to certain groups |
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Term
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Definition
| a social position based primarily on income and wealth, but occupational prestige and educational level may be relevant as well |
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Term
| socioeconomic status (SES) |
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Definition
| some combination of education, occupation, and income |
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Term
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Definition
-wealthiest
-most powerful
-3-5% of population
-income: $1,000,000+
-"old money" |
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Term
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Definition
-15-20% of population
-highly educated professionals
-income: $100,000-$200,000
-have nice homes
-play important roles in politics
-value education, children go to college |
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Term
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Definition
-income: $40,000-$100,000
-40% of population
-security at home and at work is very important
-college is valued
-jobs have been secure in the past |
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Term
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Definition
-income: $20,000-$40,000
-20% of population
-factory jobs, semiskilled labor
-must be careful to budget money to pay bills
-cannot afford college |
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Term
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Definition
-15% of population
-minimum wage jobs
-hover slightly above poverty line
-very vulnerable
-live month-to-month |
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Term
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Definition
-3-5% of population
-cannot work because of disability, mental problems, or age
-lack education and job skills
-receive assistance from the government |
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Term
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Definition
| movement from one social class to another |
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Term
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Definition
| guidelines established in 1964 as a way to measure the number of people living in poverty; based on thrifty food budget, multiplied by three |
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Definition
| a lack of available nourishing food on a regular basis |
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Definition
| the hierarchical ranking of categories of people within society |
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Definition
| the recognition that our personal experiences are, in large part, shaped by forces within the larger society |
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