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| scientifically-based sociological research that uses scientific tools such as survey, sampling, objective measurement, and cultural and historical analysis to study and understand society. |
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| why societies remain the same |
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| is the ability to study and observe without distortion or bias, especially personal bias. |
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| people who use their agency to make choices based on their varied motivations |
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| means we are able to perceive it through one of the five senses of sight, taste, touch, hearing, or smell |
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| the group you are interested in researching |
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| each member of the population has a known chance of being selected. |
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| members are selected from the population in some nonrandom manner. |
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| each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. |
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| is used when you don’t have a list of everyone in your population so you choose participants because they are convenient to you. |
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data that is, or can be converted to, numbers-you can enter it into a computer program, typically SPSS (you’ll use this in your statistics class).
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data that can’t be converted to numbers; data that is about the quality of something-you look for themes in the results.
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the study must actually test what you intended to test.
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| the ability to repeat findings of a research study. |
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| research instruments designed to obtain information from individuals who belong to a larger group, organization, or society. |
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| surveys which collect opinions, such as who one might vote for in an election |
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| the percentage of people who complete your survey |
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| results from the sample can be assumed to apply to the population as though the population itself had been studied. |
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| are questions that are accurate and measure what they claim they’ll measure |
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| are questions that are relatively free from bias errors which might taint the findings. |
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are questions designed to get respondents to answer in their own words.(e.g., “What might be the benefits of having a CSUN Lacrosse team?”_______________ . )
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are questions designed to get respondents to choose from a list of responses you provide to them.(e.g., “Are you married?” Yes or No.)
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are statements which respondents are asked to agree or disagree with. They are the most common types of questions used in surveys (e.g., “How much do you agree that the president is doing a good job of running the country?” Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neither Agree nor Disagree, Agree, Strongly Agree.)
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| are questions which provide the basic categorical information about respondents such as age, sex, race, educational level, marital status, etc. |
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| is data with no standard numerical values. This is often referred to as categorical data (e.g., What is your favorite type of pet? __Reptile __Canine __Feline __Bird __Other). |
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| is categories with an order to them |
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| is categories with an order, but we add standard numerical values with regular intervals. |
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| adds a real zero starting point for the numerical values. |
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| vary by respondent (one is male, the next is female, the next is female, etc.). |
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| change in response to the influence of independent variables; they depend upon the independent variables. |
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| are variables that when manipulated will stimulate a change upon the dependent variables. |
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is the arithmetic score of all the numbers divided by the total number of students.
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is the exact mid-point value in the ordered list of scores (e.g., 0, 1, 1, & 1 fall below and 4, 4, 5, & 8 fall above the number 3 thus 3 is the median).
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the number which occurs most often
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extreme valuesor outliers
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are the especially low or high number in the series. |
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| are standards of what is right and wrong. |
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