Term
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Definition
| Demographic, social and institutional strength of a language and its speakers. |
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Term
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Definition
Classically defined by Ferguson (1959) as a situation where two closely related languages are used in a speech community.
ex) One for high functions and one for low
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Term
| South Africa and the Republic of Vanuatu |
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Definition
| Both have had the task of codifying language policies in there new constitutions. |
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Term
| What is a Decision Tree and what does it have to do with code switching? |
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Definition
| It provides a flow chart of when code switching will occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing languages within in the clause. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing languages between sentences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Social and political settings in which speakers find themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| A more idiosyncratic and personalized view of the context or situation of language use. USed to descrive one of the motivations for code switching. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to understand, but not speak, a language. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to both speak and understand a language. |
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Term
| Miki Makihara - Easter Island study |
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Definition
Looked at use of code mixing and switching between Rapa Nui and Spanish.
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Term
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Definition
| Replacement of vocabulary with sometimes radically different forms in the different styles associated with different social groups or caste. |
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Definition
| Measure of status which is often based on occupation, income and wealth. Can also be measured in terms of aspiration and mobility. |
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Definition
| Study that looked at a bundle of factors to figure out social class. |
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Term
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Definition
| States one can't move between. The book claims mobility is possible. |
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Term
| "Chicken-and-the-egg" Situation |
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Definition
| A word is perceived as better because it is used more frequently. People of higher class use it more often to stake out worth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emerges at the intersection of style and class, typical referring to the breakdown in the stratification of words. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes taking place in a speech community above the level of individual's conscious awareness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes taking place in a speech community below the level of conscious awareness. |
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Term
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Definition
| The production of a form which never occurs in a native variety on the basis of the speaker's misanalysis of the input. |
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Term
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Definition
Reduction of differences distinguishing regional dialects or accents. (More like usurping)
ex) roit, rat, rait, ret
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Term
| Places that Dialect leveling take place |
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Definition
| Urban Areas, Colleges, Military, Prision, New Towns, Media. |
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Term
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Definition
| Verbs introducing report of discourse (eg. direct and indirect speech or though). They include older, more stable variants such as say and think and newer ones such as be like, be all. |
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Term
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Definition
Concluded that there are 3 possible variants of 'be like'. "He was like", "He though", "He said"
Think; "Was it Said?" |
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Term
| Sticky places in slippery space |
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Definition
| Globalisation makes it easy for an innovation to travel across space. And places tend to hold onto the innovation and graft it to their local values. |
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Term
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Definition
| The increased contact between people of different social and linguistic backgrounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Language used as a common means of communication among people whose native languages are mutually unintelligible. |
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Term
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Definition
| A language variety that is not very complex or elaborate and is used in fairly restricted social domain and for limited social or personal functions. Often a precursor or early stage to a creole. |
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Term
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Definition
| A language variety arising out of a situation of language contact. A creole can be distinguished from a pidgin on the grounds that it is the first language of some communities or used for an entire range of social functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The language that has provided most of the vocabulary to a pidgin or creole. |
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Term
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Definition
| The language that provide the grammatical structure of a creole or pidgin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows English words being used in a different language's structure |
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