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| behaviors that cause psychological or physical harm to another individual |
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| prosocial behaviors a person carries out without considering his or her own safety or interests |
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| judgement about causes of outcomes |
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| willingness to assist a person in need of help |
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| the theory that the tension producing effects of incongruous cognitions motivate individuals to reduce such tension |
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| a change in behavior consistent with a communication source's direct request |
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| the prediction that contact btwn groups will reduce prejudice only if the contact includes features such as cooperation toward shared goals |
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| diffusion of responsability |
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| in emergency situations, the larger the number of bystanders, the less likely u r to get help |
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| elaboration likelihood theory |
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| a theory of persuasion that defines how likely it is that ppl will focus their cognitive processes to elaborate upon on a message and therefore follow the central and peripheral routes to persuasion |
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| fundamental attribution error |
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| the dual tendency of observers to underestimate the impact of situational factors and to overestimate the influence of dispositional factors on a person's behavior |
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| the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the decisions that would be made by the members acting alone |
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| the tendency of a decision making group to filter out undesirable input so that a consensus may be reached, especially if it is in line with the leader's viewpoint |
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| a group with which ppl identify as members |
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| ppl's tendency to favor members of their own group over members of other groups |
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| cognition-based and goal directed aggression carried out with premeditated thought to achieve specific aims |
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| cognition based and goal directed aggression to carried out with premeditated thought, to achieve specific aims |
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| group effects that arise from individuals' desire to be correct and right and to understand how to best to act in a given situation |
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| the convergence of the expectations of a group of individuals into a common perspective as they talk and carry out activities together |
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| group effects that arise from individuals' desire to be liked, accepted, and approved by others |
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| a group with which ppl do not identify |
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| deliberate efforts to change attitudes |
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| play that harry potter card u bitch |
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| behavior that is carried out with the goal of helping other ppl |
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| the idea that ppl perform altruistic behaviors bc they expect that others will perform altruistic behaviors for them in turn |
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| expectation that favors will be returned |
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| behavioral guideline for acting in a certain way in a certain situation |
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| a prediction made about some future behavior or event that modifies interactions so as to produce what is expected |
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| the idea that ppl observe themselves to figure out the reasons they act as they do; ppl infer what their internal states are by perceiving how they are acting in a given situation |
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| an attributional bias in which ppl tend to take credit for their successes and deny responsibility for their failures |
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| the process by which organize the social environment by categorizing themselves and others into groups |
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| the process by which ppl select, interpret, and remember social information |
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| the expectation a group has for its members regarding acceptable and appropriate attitudes and behaviors |
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| a socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person who is functioning in a given setting or group |
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| did experiment on group conformity with the light in the dark room. individuals asked to tell how far light moves. answers vary greatly. when put in a group they all agree on a common distance despite individual opinion |
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| did experiment with lines varying in length. asks subject to pick which line is the same size as the standard line. ppl conform to what the group picks and they assume something is wrong with them instead of the group |
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| going along with the group in order to avoid conflict. less likely to conform if u have prior commitment |
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| reasons for increase in conformity |
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we feel insecure
group of 3 or more
group is unanimous
group has status
no prior commitments
others watching |
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| did experiment on obedience. patient has to administer a harmful shock |
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| form of conformity. conforming to an authority or on demand |
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| obedience-how to change lvls |
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in order to increase: authority figure, give reward
in order to decrease: group disobeys, person with no authority |
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| did experiment with students taking questionaire and then has smoke enter room. if subject is alone reports smoke faster. if in a group it takes longer for someone to take action |
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| when asked how an individual is doing they tend to respond in a positive way bc that it is what is more socially acceptable |
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due to characteristics of the person
dispositional attribution |
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due to something in the environment
situational |
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observer assumes problem is caused by internal actor assumes problem is caused by external
observer is withdrawn from all knowledge of causes |
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| attribution based on ability or skill lvl. doesnt change |
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| attributions that change such as mood effort luck and chance |
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| did work with stable and unstable attributes |
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long term consistent
opinion or position of person
about an idea object person
negative positive neutral
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may involve sterotypes
may conform to ingroup
may be changed
assessment affected by social desirability |
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conforming to social norms
ppl know answers that are PC |
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presenter is likeable
presenter is trustworthy
repeat
appeal to emotions
clear arguement
give expert information
call to action |
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| logical, content of message |
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| appeal to emotions. get famous ppl to endorse |
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| getting someone to do an action u want as a part of conformity. if they volunteer to do it they r more likely to believe in it |
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| ppl conform to what is viewed as socially acceptable in their culture |
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| attributions vary from culture to culture based on beliefs of supernatural things |
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| situational forces can lead ordinary ppl to exhibit horrendous behaviors |
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| came up with the fundamental attribution error |
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| did the dissonance study in which participants r given money to lie other participants |
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| studied to see if childhood relationships impacted the child's social development |
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mades 3 statements about styles of adult attachment:
1. gets close to others with ease. dont worry about being abandoned
2.uncomfortable when close to others. worried about being too close
3. ppl r reluctant to get as close as u'd like |
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| came up with covariation model. suggested that ppl attribute a behavior to a casual factor if that factor was present whenever the behavior occured but absent when it didnt |
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| ppl attribute a behavior to a casual factor if the factor is present when it happens and absent when it doesnt occur |
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| refers to whether the behavior is specific to a particular situation-ex: does ur friend scream in response to all horses |
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| refers to whether the behavior occurs repeatedly in response to the situation |
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| refers to whether other ppl also produce the same behavior in the same situation |
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| when ppl say no to a large request they will often say yes to a more moderate request |
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| performing prosocial behaviors to benefit a particular group; ppl might perform helping behaviors to improve circumstances for thier families friends etc |
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| the single cell that results when a sperm feralizes an egg |
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| expertise in the fundamental pragmatics of life |
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| environmental factors such as disease and drugs that cause structural abnormalities in a developmenting fetus |
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| a child's biological based lvl of emotional and behavioral response to environmental events |
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| the wyas in which an individuals' social interactions and expectations change across the life span |
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| the lifelong process whereby an individual's behavioral patterns, values, standards, skills and other shit r formed to conform with society |
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| developed by my nigga eric erickson. developmental stage that focuses on on individual's orientation toward the self and others. includes sexual and social aspects of person's development |
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| the manner in which parents rear their children |
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| a gramatical error, usually appearing during early language development, in which rules of the language are applied too widely, resulting in incorrect linguistic |
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65% of chidrens
play comfortably with stranger
upset when mom leaves, easy to sooth when she returns
better at problem solving |
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| nonverbal communication and gender |
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girls r better at reading ppl
girls better at production of nonverbal clues |
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males die younger
more males miscarried
more inherited diseases and learning disabilities for males |
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