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Definition
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| Narrative therapists disagree with systems-oriented therapists. Narrative therapists believe that |
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| The therapist should explore the family's cultural context and help them separate from it |
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| The foundation for attachment in monkeys as determined by Harlow was |
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Definition
| Harry F. Harlow, a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, demonstrated the importance of contact comfort in attachment. He was among the first to find that rhesus monkeys become unusually aggressive when raised in isolation. |
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| Tests that are sensitive to social constructs and differences would be |
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| people turn into a "biological time machine". A nerve is struck when someone says or does something that reminds you of your past. This creates an "emotional time warp" that transfers your emotional past and your psychological needs into the present. In less poetic terms, a transference reaction means that you are reacting to someone in terms of what you need to see, you are afraid of or what you see when you know very little about the person. This all happens without you knowing why you feel and react the way you do |
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| therapist’s "emotional time warp" around their patient’s transference. In other words, counter-transference is a therapist’s counter- reaction. That’s why some therapists think they are falling in love with their patients. That’s also why older guys become obsessed with younger female employees they barely know. |
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| How does Freud view humans? |
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Definition
| He viewed human behavior on the basis of unconscious motivation and drive, rather than on actions or thoughts. |
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Definition
| Those thoughts and ideas that we are aware of. |
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| What is the preconscious? |
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| Those thoughts that we are not aware of, but are easily accessible. |
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| Those thoughts and ideas that we cannot access and therefore unaware of. |
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| According to psychoanalytic theory, what are thoughts and behaviors driven by? |
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| Inner forces, motives and drives. |
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| Explain the concept of ID |
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Definition
primitive
basic drives, libido
focuses on pleasure principle. |
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| Explain the concept of EGO |
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Definition
Rational and exucutive portion of the personality.
Reality principle. |
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| what is the concept of Superego? |
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Definition
Moral, ethical..
Conscience... |
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Definition
claiming/believing that what is true to be actually false
"Refusing to acknowledge" |
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Definition
| redirecting emotions to a substitute target. |
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| Separation or postponement of a feeling that normally would accompany a thought. |
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Form of denial....
object of attention is presented as "all good" masking true negative feelings toward the other. |
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| Unconscious modeling of one's self upon another person's behavior. |
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| Identifyng with some idea or object so deeply that is becomes a part of that person. |
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| inability to simultaneously experience the cognitive and affective components of a situation |
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| Rationalizing, making generalizations about anxiety provoking situations to minimize anxiety/pain |
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| Attributing a painful thought or idea to another person |
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Definition
| Attributing a painful thought or idea to another person |
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Definition
| Replacing painful or negaive event with the complete opposite. |
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Definition
| going back to acting as a child |
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| pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the subconscious. |
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| Manifestation of emotional anxiety into physical symptoms. |
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Definition
| Repressing, dissociating, disconnecting important feelings that are "dangerous" to psychic well-being. |
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| What is the premise of Ego Psychology? |
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Definition
| That individuals have the ability to adapt to their social environments. |
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Definition
| reciprocal relationship between individuals and the envionment, which involves changing the envionment or being changed by it. |
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Definition
| changing the environment in order to adapt |
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| changing own behavior in order to adapt. |
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| ability to differentiate between accurate perceptions of the self and the environment. |
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| In terms of Ego Psychology, what is Judgement? |
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Definition
| ability to identify and weigh the consequences of a behavior before acting. |
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| In terms of Ego Psychology, what is Object Relations? |
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Definition
| Ability to interact with others. |
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| In terms of Ego Psychology, what are thought provesses? |
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Definition
| Ability to have goal-directed, organized and realistic thoughts. |
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| In terms of Ego Psychology, what is defensive functioning? |
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Definition
| Ability to use unconscious mechanisms to reduce anxiety and painful experiences. |
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| Who created Object Relations Theory? |
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Definition
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| What is the focus of Object Relations Theory? |
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Definition
| The reciprocal relationship between a mother and her infant and its effect on the infant's development of sense of self. |
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| What are the three stages of development in the object relations theory? |
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Definition
Autistic Stage
Symbiotic State
Separation-Individuation Stage |
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| Define the Autustic Stage of Object Relations Theory? |
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Definition
Infant is focused on self.
Infant is unresponsive to external stimuli.
Newborn to 1 month |
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Term
| Define the Symbiotic Stage of the object relations theory? |
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Definition
Infant begins to percieve "need-satisfying object"
Feels unity with mother, but begins to see the mother as a separate being.
1-5 months. |
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Term
| Who developed the Self-Psychology Theory? |
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Definition
| Heinz Kohut, through his work with narcissistic patients.. |
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| Define the model of Self-psychology... |
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Definition
| Model of personality development in which the infant's instinctual drives are separate from the attainment of a cohesive self. |
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| According to self-psychology, what are selfobjects? |
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Definition
| A child's perception of other people and objects as part of his/her self. |
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| According to self-psychology, what is empathic mirroring? |
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Definition
| process of development in which the child mirrors the selfobject with the help of his/her nurturing parents. |
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| According to self-psychology, what is transmuting internalization? |
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Definition
| process where a person attains a cohesive self by transforming positive healthy objects into an internalized self-structure. |
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| Who founded Gestalt Theory? |
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Definition
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Definition
focus on holistic nature of human experience.
emphasizes the total person rather than an individual with separate parts.
Focuses on present ~ believes behaviors are conscious and can be controlled by indiv. |
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| Who developed the psychosocial theory? |
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Definition
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| Define psychosocial theory. |
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Definition
individuals social environment is shaped by behaviors and personality.
Spans development over the entire life span. |
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| Considering the 3 parts of Freud's personality, which portion is most important to Erik Erikson? |
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Definition
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Definition
Infancy
Child develops a sense of trust in others through love and nurture.
If not loved/nurtured, child may experience a high level of mistrust causing child to be withdrawn later in life. |
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Definition
2 to 3 years
Child begins to develop skills that allow him to be autonomous. Becomes more confident and in control.
If child not provided what they need, i.e. nurturance, child may feel ashamed and less confident. |
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Definition
4 to 5 years
Child becomes curious, moves about to explore. Learns to play with others.
Child who is not allowed to take initiative will feel guilty/fearful. |
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Definition
6 to 11 years.
Child develops a need to do things well, to work and provide in the future. Peers are critical in assisting the child master these tasks.
If child fails to achieve, they will feel inferior and incompetent. |
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Term
| Identity vs. Role Confusion |
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Definition
12 to 18 years
adolescent begins to create his/her own identity & integrate the various components of himself into a whole person
Adolescent who is unable to integrate will experience role confusion. |
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Definition
20 to 25 years
Indiv learns to build reciprocal rel'ships with others on many levels, including socially, sexually and occupationally.
Will feel isolated if unable to build these rel'ships. |
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| Generativity vs. Stagnation |
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Definition
35-50 years
Develops capacity to care/ nurture.
Will focus on caring for self if failing at this stage. |
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| Ego Integrity vs. Despair |
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Definition
50 years +
Learns to accept own life achievements and significant others.
If fail, will experience despair. |
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Term
| Who developed Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)? |
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Definition
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Term
| define Rational Emotive Therapy |
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Definition
ABC Model
A represents the activating event
B represents the indiv's thoughts and beliefs about A
C represents the emotional & Behavioral consequences of B |
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Term
| Who developed theory of moral development? |
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Definition
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| Define pre-conventional level of moral development |
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Definition
| Moral reasoning based on fear of punishment and hope of reward. |
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Term
| Kohlberg believed there was no correlation between moral development and ___________ |
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Definition
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| Define pre-conventional level of moral development |
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Definition
| Moral reasoning based on fear of punishment and hope of reward. |
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| Define Conventional level of moral development |
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Definition
| Moral reasoning based on adherence to social rules |
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| Define post-conventional level of moral development |
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Definition
Moral reasoning based on moral principles that may transcend social rules.
Kohlberg believes few reach this level. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to focus or remember, disorientation and language disturbance. Disturbance is brief and fluctuates during the day. |
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Term
| Define Tourette's Disorder. |
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Definition
Motor and vocal tics many times a day for a period of more than 1 year.
Onset before age 18. |
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Term
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Definition
Systematic investigation that includes inductive, non-quantitative studies of individuals or groups.
ex. Field Study |
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Definition
Systematic investigation that includes descriptive or inferential analysis.
Ex. experiments, survey research |
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