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| government must follow the same laws as the people; examples: democracy, constitutional monarchy |
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| to give permission; example: consent of the governed |
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| Government leaders do not have to follow any laws; examples: dictatorships, absolute monarchies |
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| Supreme Court case that legalized segregation |
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| Brown v. Board of Education |
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| Supreme Court case that integrated public schools; made segregation illegal |
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| Gave women the right to vote |
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| Gave 18 year olds the right to vote; because they were serving in the Vietnam War |
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| Inherits power through birth; has limits, must follow constitution |
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| Inherits power through birth; has no limits |
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| Legislative branch is elected; prime minister is selected by the legislative branch; example: Great Britain |
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| Leaders are elected by the people; example: United States |
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| Unlimited ruler; usually takes power by force |
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| Religious leaders are the rulers; example: Iran |
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| To overthrow the government; often violent: French Revolution or Communist Revolution |
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| To say things or take action against the government; can be peaceful or violent; example: Civil Rights Movement |
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| List 3 situations in which your rights can be restricted. |
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| protect national security; protect public safety; if threaten to physically harm a person or group of people |
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| people who oppose all wars |
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| How government balanced the rights of conscientious objectors and war |
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| had them serve in the war in non-combat jobs; examples: mechanics and nurses |
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| fear of communists; occurred during WWI and the Cold War |
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| How do Israel and Palestine view the creation of Israel? |
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| Israel believes they were finally given their homeland; Palestine believes their homeland was taken away |
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| segregation of whites and blacks in South Africa |
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| Why was India and Pakistan divided? |
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| India was Hindu; Pakistan was Muslim; they were divided to help them get along |
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| Why was Germany divided after WWII? |
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| to separate Communism from democracy; Berlin Wall physically separated the countries |
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| Why was it difficult to reunite Germany? |
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| East and West had economic differences; East had been communist, West was democratic |
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| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; fought to end racial segregation; fought for racial equality |
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| National Organization for Women; fought for equality in jobs and government |
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| American Indian Movement; Fought for recognition of Native American culture |
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| United Farm Workers; fought for rights for Hispanic farm workers |
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| the destruction of an entire group of people; examples: Holocaust, Rwanda, Armenians in Turkey |
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| laws in the South that segregated blacks and whites |
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| the idea that we are all connected around the world; Internet, TV, airplanes connect us |
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| recognition of African American culture in America; began as a result of the Great Migration (when blacks moved from the south to the north) |
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| culture is transmitted through TV, radio, Internet, airplanes |
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| countries who work together for protection; example: NATO, UN |
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| a region defined by physical characteristics such as deserts and mountains; example: the Sahara Desert |
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| A region defined by tradition, religion, and culture; example: The Middle East |
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| A region defined by the government of that region: example: the United States |
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| a region defined by shared economic interests; example: the European Union and NAFTA |
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| how good or bad your life is; measured by high literacy rates, low infant mortality rates, population, and education |
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| What happened to Native Americans |
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| Displaced from their homelands and moved to reservations so that white settlers could take their lands; many were murdered |
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| EU; removal of trade barriers between countries in Europe; common currency |
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| North Atlantic Free Trade Association; removal of barriers to trade between countries in North America |
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| the rise of cities; made possible by industrialization |
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| the movement to suburbs (areas outside cities); made possible by cars and highways |
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| to move to another country; people move for new jobs, the American Dream, religious freedom, to escape famine |
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| rights you are born with; life, liberty, property; slavery violates our natural rights |
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| if government is bad, we have the right to overthrow it |
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| Effects of Industrialization |
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| urbanization, increased population, greater access to goods and services, better standard of living |
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| Living and Working Conditions of the Industrial Revolution |
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| tenement houses, overcrowding, unsanitary, unsafe housing; long hours, low pay, child labor |
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| Modernization of Agriculture |
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| Farming becomes more productive, farmers can grow more crops, prices go down |
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| Extra money to spend on non-necessary goods |
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| the government stays out of business; responsible for poor working conditions and monopolies |
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| tax on imports; protects American businesses from foreign competition |
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| When one company controls an entire industry; great for businessmen because they eliminate the competition |
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| Organizations of workers who tried to get better working conditions; seen as violent and often failed when the government sided with the employers |
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| Laws to break up monopolies |
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| When one country takes over another country and exploits the people of that country for their own benefit |
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| Waterway in Panama that the US took over for a new trade route and military protection |
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| new markets; raw materials; racism; naval bases |
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| Exploitation of Indigenous People |
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| under imperialism the people of Africa lost all freedom and independence; natural resources were destroyed; wars are being fought today because of this |
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| rise of communism in Russia; worldwide depression; rise of Hitler and the Nazis |
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| Peace treaty after WWI; punished Germany, made them pay reparations, took away their colonies in Africa; led to the rise of Hitler |
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| Peacekeeping organization proposed after WWI; US refused to join; League was weak and ineffective |
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| money that must be paid as punishment for starting a war; Germany forced to pay after WWI; Germany couldn't pay and entered economic depression. This leads to Hitler |
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| Atomic warfare; spread of Communism; Cold War between US and Soviet Union began |
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| The US policy after WWII to stop Communism from spreading to countries around the world |
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| Marshall Plan/ Truman Doctrine |
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| Money to countries in need to help stop the spread of Communism |
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| Wars over spread of Communism |
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| The closes the US ever came to nuclear war; led to an embargo on Cuban goods |
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| Peacekeeping organization started after WWII; Goal: to prevent another war |
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| The movement of African Americans from the South to the North to escape Jim Crow laws and to find jobs |
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| putting all resources of a country toward the war effort |
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| dust storms that swept through the West during the Great Depression; farmers lost their crops and their homes |
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| the largest depression in US history (1929); began when the stock market crashed |
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| the government takes a greater role in the economy after the Great Depression |
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| How does population growth affect the environment? |
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| harms the environment; leads to pollution; more people use more resources |
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| religious freedom, new jobs, escape famine, American Dream, escape dictatorships |
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| a type of economy in which the government controls some business but the rest are controlled by private citizens |
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| type of economy controlled by supply and demand |
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| type of economy in which the government controls all economic decisions |
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| economic decisions are based on religious beliefs and cultures |
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| When workers focus on one task in a company |
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| countries depend on each other; example: we get oil from Iraq, they get computers from us |
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| Tariffs, Quotas, and Blockades |
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| to protect American business, the government places restrictions on goods that come into the country |
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| How does the government use taxes to affect spending? |
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| taxes decrease spending because people have less money |
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| How does the government use interest rates to affect spending? |
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| high interest rates encourage people to save their money and spend less |
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| if the source is free from bias |
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| a one-sided view; example: Nike is biased when they talk about shoes |
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| facts; information that can be proven or disproven |
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| a first hand account of a situation; example: a soldier who actually fought in the war tells you about the war |
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| someone's belief; must be supported by facts |
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