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| a person's life, liberty, or property cannot be taken away without a fair trial |
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| the first 10 amendments to the Constitution to protect people's freedoms |
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| On this day in history, several acts of terrorism were carried out against the U.S. Planes were hijacked and crashed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon (1 crashed in PA).Nearly 3,000 innocent people died. |
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| a war that took place to stop Iraq from invading Kuwait to capture that country's oil fields (the war lasted about 7 weeks) |
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| During this war, communists in South Vietnam tried to over throw the noncommunists there. Communist North Vietnam supported them and the U.S. got involved. In 1973, North and South Vietnam signed a cease-fire agreement to stop the fighting. |
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| an organization that created a plan to keep peace in the world after WWII(50 nations joined by 1945) |
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| During this war, North Korea invaded South Korea, the United Nations sent troops to defend South Korea. (both sides decided to stop fighting in 1953) |
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| a conflict where the U.S. surrounded Cuba because the U.S. discovered that the Soviet Union was secretly putting powerful missiles in Cuba (Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, finally removed the missiles & nuclear war was prevented) |
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war that took place between 1945-1961
During this war, the Soviet Union & the U.S. fought each other in a war of words and ideas because they disagreed on each others economic & government practices |
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| The Soviets blocked off all the roads & railroads that led in Berlin to make the Allies leave the city. Leaders of the U.S. and Britain decided to fly food and supplies into the city. |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) |
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| During the Cold War, an alliance formed by the U.S., Canada, Britain, and most of the noncommunist countries of Europe |
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Europe was divided by this
It symbolized the differences between communist and noncommunist countries |
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| when over 200,000 people took part in a protest to show support for a bill to end segregation |
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| Brown vs. the Board of Education |
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| a court case about an African American girl that went to a segregated school who felt she ws not getting the same education as white students |
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| activities that occurred between 1952-1959 that helped African Americans gain equal rights & fair treatment in the U.S. |
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| made it illegal to prevent or hinder citizens from voting because of their racial or ethnic backgrounds |
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| when all African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama stopped using the buses to protest for equal treatment |
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| the law that banned segregation in schools, workplaces, and public places like restaurants and theaters |
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| a peace settlement signed after WWI between Germany and the Allied powers |
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| a nickname given to many women who worked in jobs that only men had held before the war |
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| Japanese airplanes bombed this U.S. naval base in Hawaii, this act forced President Roosevelt to call for war in Japan, the U.S. entered WWII |
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Victory in Japan Day (August 14, 1945)
when Japan surrendered after the atomic bomb was dropped on them |
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June 6, 1944
the day that nearly 200,000 Allied soliders invaded northern France |
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Victory in Europe Day (May 8, 1945)
when Germany was forced to surrender |
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| Stock Market Crash of 1929 |
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| when the total value of all the stocks in the stock market fell very quickly (thousands of people & businesses lost money) |
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| people had to vote for the President and Vice President separately (to avoid ties between 2 people from the same party) |
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| allowed citizens to elect senators (choose your lawmakers) |
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| ended slavery throughout the United States |
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| gave citizenship to African Americans (all citizens must be treated equally under the law) |
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| gave voting rights African American men |
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| everyone 18 years of age or older could vote |
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| banned poll taxes (making people pay in order to vote) |
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| gave people who live in Washinton, D.C. the right to vote in presidential elections |
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| gave people who live in Washinton, D.C. the right to vote in presidential elections |
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| guaranteed women the right to vote |
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| a war started when a U.S. navy ship exploded in Cuba, American newspapers blamed Spain & President McKinley asked Congress to declare war |
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| a battle that started when General Custer & his soliders tried to force the Lakota & Cheyenne Indians onto a reservation (the Indians won) |
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| located in New York Harbor as an immigration station for Europeans coming to the U.S. |
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| located in San Francisco Bay as an immigration station for Asians moving to the U.S. |
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| the mass killing of Jews in concentration camps |
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| opended up a part of the South American country of Columbia to make coast to coast trips in only weeks instead of months |
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| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) |
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Part of the New Deal Program that was used to create jobs & conserve the natural environment
workers planted trees, clared hiking trails, & completed other conservation projects |
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| Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
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Part of the New Deal Program that hired people to build streets, parks, libraries, & schools
paid artists to paint murals on public buildings
hired authors to write books about places in the U.S. |
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| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) |
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| built dams on the Tennessee River as a part of the New Deal Program |
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a variety of government programs used to help the economy (CCC, TVA, WPA)
some programs gave food and shelter to those in need and some created jobs |
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| people who didn't have money for food lined up at these locations and formed bread lines to wait for free bread and other food |
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| an island captured by the Aliies & the U.S. |
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| dust storms that ruined crops & homes across the Great Plains due to a severe drought |
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| a British passenger ship with many Americans on board that a German submarine sank in 1915 (made the U.S. declare war on the Central Powers) |
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| provided food, clothing, medical care, & legal advice to poor blacks and whites |
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| provided food, clothing, medical care, & legal advice to poor blacks and whites |
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set up for poor whites and former slaves to become farmers
farmers used a landowner's field & in return gave the landowner a share of the crop |
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| laws that kept African Americans separate from other Americans & made segregation legal |
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| Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote this book to point out that slavery was not just the South's problem, it convinced many northeners that slavery was wrong |
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| cattle trail that led from Texas to the Great Plains railheads |
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| rode horseback to herd cattle |
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| Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson |
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| led the Confederate Army in the Battle of Bull Run |
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| town where General Lee surrendered the Confederate Army |
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Union general in the Civil War.
Led the Union Army when General Lee surrendered |
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| Commander of the Confederacy; surrendered the Confederate Army in a town called Appomattox Court House |
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| Sherman's March to the Sea |
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| Union general in the Civil War; destroyed railroads, factories, and supplies southerners needed for the war as he marched through Atlanta to Savannah |
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| 16th president of the U.S.; issued the Emancipation Proclamation; gave the Gettysburg Address in Gettysburg, PA |
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| U.S. senator & leader of the Anti-communist Convention (a movement to stop the spread of communist ideas); claimed that many government employees, actors, teachers, & writers were spies |
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| 31st president of the U.S. (during the Great Depression); believed that the government should not do too many things to change the economy (he believed it would change on its own), this led to the Great Depression |
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| 32nd president of the U.S.; created The New Deal during the Great Depression to take action to end the hard economic times |
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| Civil rights leader who believed in non-violent protest; minister from Atlanta; was assassinated |
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| a track star during the 1930s that won four gold medals in the 1936 Olympics; he was the grandson of a slave |
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| a writer from Atlanta that wrote Gone with the Wind during the 1930s |
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| a group of African American pilots that flew many successful missions over Italy |
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| lawyer who successfully argued Linda Brown's case (Brown vs BOE); first African American appointed to the Supreme Court |
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| African American who refused to obey the segregation laws in Alabama; led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott |
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| designed the first motorized plane to fly |
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| John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry |
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| abolitionist who led a rebellion at Harpr's Ferry |
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| famous baseball player of the 1920s |
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| president of the Confederacy during the Civil War |
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| jazz composer and musician of the Harlem Renaissance |
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| teacher at Tuskegee Institute who used his discoveries to help poor farmers; discovered many uses for the peanut |
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| 26th president of the U.S.; formed the Rough Riders; aided in the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War |
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| first person to fly alone nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean |
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| leader of the Soviet Union during WWII; made an agreement with Hitler to not attack each other |
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| automobile manufacturer; made cars on an assembly line |
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| poet during the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s |
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| inventor of the light bulb, the moving picture camera, and the phonograph |
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| emperor of Japan who surrendered during WWII after the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima & Nagasaki (Japanese cities) |
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| Nazi leader of Germany during WWII |
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| facist leader of Italy during WWII |
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| British Prime Minister during WWII |
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| 33rd President of the U.S.; ordered the atomic bomb dropped on the city of Hiroshima, Japan during WWII |
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| led the Soviet Union in 1959; helped set up a communist government in Cuba |
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| a singer and trumpet player in the 1920s that helped make Jazz popular |
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| President of the U.S. during the Spanish-American War that asked Congress to declare war on Spain after a U.S. navy ship exploded in Cuba |
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