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Definition
We Group people together to simplify society so we understand it. skin color; m/f, social class, age
stereotype->baserate->stereotype->baserate |
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| we treat ingroup/outgroup members different. |
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we segregate to nautural characteristics.
lll//// lll/// lll// |
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| groups to which we belong we typically like, and other not. |
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Definition
| overestimate-underestimate dots on screen. 2 groups; rewarded own group. |
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unjustified.
negative behavior.
*not necessarily dislike
-temple
-credit scores
-handicaps |
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Term
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Definition
A- prejudice
b- discrimination
c- stereotype |
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| a preconcieved negative opinion towards others |
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| belief about a list of attributes towards a group of people. |
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| - THE ASSUMPTION THAT DIFFERENCES ARE IN-BORN |
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| Believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups. |
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example: outgroup is rigid vs. Principle.
outgroup is wishy-washy vs. willing to change mind. |
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groups do worse when aknowledge the stereotype.
(reminded of the expectation)
blacks did better at golf if reminded athletic. worse if reminded intellect |
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| those that look alike are alike |
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we ignore instances that run negative against our stereotypes.
Example: all pacific islanders are gang-bangers. |
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| illusory correlations subtypes/ subcategories |
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Definition
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| Adjective checklist assessment |
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Definition
list of black people categorization.
majority in 1933 were negative.
in 1953 gilbert found 1/2 as many endorsed negative. |
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Term
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Definition
redone adjective checklist assessment.
-what you think others think.
-what you think.
-stereotype has not faded away, it has just changed.
-its just as negative, just different. |
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Term
| high-prejudice people endorse stereotypes. |
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Definition
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Definition
the dislike of others
meat-packing plants. 50% hispanic, now hatred toward samolis. |
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| realistic group conflict theory |
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Definition
prejudice comes from competition for scarce resources
Example: oklahoma camp. 2 groups came to hate eachother as competition increases for treats over atheletic events. |
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| engage in contact hypothesis |
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Definition
| interpersonal contact reduces prejudice. |
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| structure to break barriers: |
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Definition
1- equal status
2- require personal interactions
3- cooperative activities
4- supportive social norms |
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Definition
| A shared goal that necessitates cooperative effort; a goal that overrides people's differences from one another. |
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harness superordinate goals to reduce prejudices. only as strong as your weakest member. use 4 structures to build group.
self-esteem improved. poorer students improved. good students didn't suffer. circles included races. |
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| designed to hurt relationships of others |
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| extreme agression to hurt |
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a means to an end.
dead puppy |
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| Instinct driven aggression |
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Definition
Freud "death wish"- people have unconscious desire to kill themselves. deflected outwards.
Conrad Lorenz: adaptive. If aggresive, you can gain resources. |
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Term
| evolution-latent construct (regarding aggression) |
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Definition
| aggression would emerge as necessary. |
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Term
| Testosterone and cortisone |
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Definition
| levels predict aggressions |
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| areas of brain relate to aggression |
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Definition
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not associated w/aggression.
not as smart. |
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Term
| cultural influences on aggression |
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Definition
| more aggressive in the south. "culture of honor". swift justice. |
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Term
| Culture of Honor. southern vs. Northern men. |
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Definition
provoked in a narrow hallway. asked to end a story. saliva taken.
75% of insulted southerners ended with violence.
cortizone levels 70% in southerners.
testotorone was 12% in insulted southerners. 4% in controlled.
Chicken control. southerns would bail at 10 ft. 36 in if insulted. |
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Term
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Definition
| more aggressive when believed god authorized + it came from the bible. |
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Term
| interpersonal relationships |
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Definition
| need to belong. need to pair off. |
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| similarity vs. opposites. |
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Definition
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| factors that lead to interpersonal attraction |
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Definition
| proximity, functional distance, mere exposure |
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| people liked songs that they had heard tidbits of before unknown to them. |
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| hostility-. curiosity-. friendship |
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Definition
marry people that look like us.
dating not so much.
personality yes. |
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Term
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Definition
| average face is the most attractive. |
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Term
| phyiscal attractiveness longetivity |
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Definition
| doesn't necessary sustain. |
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Term
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Definition
triangle has to balance itself out to be positive when 3 sides are times together.
+ + +=+
- - +=+
We yearn for harmony |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulus (attraction)-> value (attachment... connect) -> Role (commitment... husband/wife) |
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Definition
likeing----------------intimacy
*more rewards, -> better relationship. |
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Definition
----- like
---- love
*you can like without loving and vice versa. |
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| selfish. When its fun, I'm in. Playing the field. |
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| friendship love. companionship. friendly. trust |
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| insecure. force other into commitment. fear. |
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| shopping list check-off. suitable. practical. |
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Definition
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| 3 ingredients in a relationship |
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Definition
| 1- passion, 2- intimacy, 3- commitment. |
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| get something by helping. |
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Definition
| preserve your genes. help your family. |
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Definition
| help members of your group first. |
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Term
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Definition
| altruistic goals. - only want to help |
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Term
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Definition
| a means to an end. we do it, but we do it for something else. |
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Term
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Definition
| things happen, but we didn't mean them to. |
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Term
| empathy-altruism hypothesis |
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Definition
empathy leads to altruistic action.
preception of need.
adopt others perspective?
emotional response (empathic concern vs. personal distress.)
motive? (altruism vs. egoism)
response? help... not help. or help. |
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Term
| easy escape: you can just watch. |
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Definition
| both groups (altruistic and egoism helped) |
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Term
| easy out: go to the other room and eat cookies and drink pepsi |
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Definition
altruism helped
egoism didn't. |
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Term
| sometimes motives change. loose yourself in the work. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1- notice
2- interpret situation
3- take responsibility
4- decide how to help
5- help |
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Term
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Definition
| A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling, or how they are responding. (nobody else is reacting) |
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Term
| diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| other people are probably helping. |
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Term
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Definition
| confusion of responsibility |
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Term
| why is there so much violence on tv |
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Definition
stories are told by the media today
men:women 3:1
cast: while males in prime of life.
projects a sense of male power.
produced for a global market.
humor is culture bound. |
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Term
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Definition
entertaining. sense of good times + fun.
20-30 per hour on children's tv
2 murders nightly
primetime 6-8 per hour |
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Term
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Definition
greater dosage required for effect
remake:
32- 81 corpses.
ninja turtles- rat - global marketing |
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Term
| violence as a social relationship |
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Definition
women are 50% more likely to be victims than aggressors.
minority women twice as likely.
it becomes internalized. |
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Term
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Definition
| violence is exploitable. the world becomes more dangerous and threatening. we become more dependent |
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Term
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Definition
| if you're born into a lower level (media-centered world), you live in a meaner world. |
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Term
| citizenship in the cultural environment |
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Definition
government is the media. "portraying the world realistically"
-teachers
-rule makers.
- movement to turn things around. |
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Term
| what can parents and teachers do about media violence? |
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Definition
tv is a babysitter. make it appropriate.
not a form of reward and punishment.
can be turned on and off.
discriminate what is worth watching.
schools should teach how to handle it. |
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Term
| social dominance orientation |
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Definition
| a motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to favor one's own group. |
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Term
| outgroup homogeneity effect |
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Definition
| perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup members. thus "they are alike, we are divers." |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race. |
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Term
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Definition
| explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions. (while excusing such behavior by one's own gorup) |
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Definition
| the tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. |
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Term
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Definition
| accommodating individuals who deveiate from one's stereotype by thinking of them as "exceptions to the rule" |
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Definition
| accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group. |
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Term
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Definition
eros, ludus, storge
pragma, agape, mania |
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Term
| frustration-aggression theory |
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Definition
| the theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress. |
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Term
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Definition
| aggression driven by anger and performed as an end in itself. |
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Definition
| aggression that is a means to some other end. |
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Term
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Definition
| the redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration. Generally, the new target is a safer or more socially acceptable target. |
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Term
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Definition
| the perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself. |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished. bandura's bobo doll. |
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Term
| heat increases aggression. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to connect with others in enduring, close relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
we like what we associate with ourselves.
like letters of your name. |
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Term
| over justification effect |
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Definition
| rewarding someone for doing something they would've done otherwise might lead them to not do it in the future. |
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