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| The belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they really are |
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| The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others |
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| A person's answers to the question, "Who am I?" |
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| Beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information |
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| Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future |
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| Evaluating one's abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others. |
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| The concept of giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather thn group identifications |
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| Giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly. |
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| Construing one's identity in relation to others. |
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| The tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task |
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| Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events |
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| The human tendency to underestimate the speed and the strength of the "psychological immune system," which enables emotional recovery and resilience after bad thinges happen. |
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| Differing implicit and explicit attitues toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms new habits. |
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| A person's overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth. |
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| An inflated sense of self |
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| A sense that one is competent and effective |
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| The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces |
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| The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events. |
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| The tendency to perceive oneself favorably. |
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| Self-Serving Attributions |
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| The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to other factors. |
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| The adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one's anxiety to motivate effective action |
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| The tendency to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and one's undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors. |
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| The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors |
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| Explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one's own group). |
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| Protecting one's self-image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure. |
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| The act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression or an impression that corresponds to one's ideals. |
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| Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression. |
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| The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another |
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| An integration of biological and social perspectives that explores the neural and psychological bases of social and emotional behaviors |
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| The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. |
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| Socially shared beliefs---widely held ideas and values, including our assumptions and cultural idologies. |
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| The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out. (I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon) |
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| An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events. |
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| A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events |
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| Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory |
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| The study of naturally occurring relationships among variables |
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| Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationship by manipulating one or more factors while controlling others. |
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| Survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion. |
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| The way a question or an issue is posted; this can influence people's decisions and expressed opinions |
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| The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates. |
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| The variable being measured |
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| The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being IN a given condition. |
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| Degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations |
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| Degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants. |
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| In research, an effect by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study's methods and purposes. |
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| Cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected. |
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| An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. |
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| The postexperimental explanation of a study to its participants. |
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