Term
| What is the definition of sociology? |
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Definition
Sociology is the systematic study of the relationship between the individual and society and of the
consequences of difference. |
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Term
| What is the sociological imagination? |
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Definition
| C. Wright Mills described the sociological imagination as our ability to see the interaction between history and biography. |
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Term
| What is Social Inequality? |
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Definition
A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or
power. |
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Term
| How has Karl Marx defined Social Inequality? |
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Definition
For Marx, social inequality is determined by ownership, or lack thereof, of key material
resources. |
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Term
| What is Max Weber’s theory of power and authority? |
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Definition
Weber argued that who has power was determined not only by social
class and control of material resources, but also by—among others—social status and
organizational resources. |
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Term
| What is Erving Goffman's theory of dramaturgical approach? |
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Definition
| Goffman said that the dramaturgical approach compares everyday life to the setting of the theater and stage and sees people as theatrical performers. |
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Term
| What are the functionalist perspectives of sociology? |
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Definition
| The functionalist perspective views society as akin to a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival. |
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Term
What are the conflict perspectives of
sociology? |
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Definition
| The conflict perspective emphasizes the distribution of power and the allocation of resources in society. |
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Term
| What is the scientific method? |
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Definition
(1) defining the problem,
(2) reviewing the literature,
(3) formulating the hypothesis,
(4) selecting the research design and then collecting and analyzing the data, and
(5) developing a
conclusion based on the findings of the research. |
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Term
| What are Hypothesis and Variables? |
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Definition
| A hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between two or more factors known as variables. |
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Term
| What are Dependent and Independent variables? |
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Definition
The variable that brings about change is called the
independent variable. The variable that is affected is called the dependent variable. |
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Term
| What are Measures of validity and reliability? |
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Definition
Validity refers to the degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study. Reliability refers to the extent to which a
measure produces consistent results. |
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Term
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Definition
| A correlation is a relationship between two variables in which a change in one coincides with a change in the other. |
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Term
|
Definition
Experiments are artificially created
situations that allow researchers to manipulate variables. |
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Term
|
Definition
Variables are measurable traits or
characteristics that are subject to change under different conditions. |
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Term
|
Definition
the totality of our shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. We construct
culture through which we establish relationships to the natural world and to each other. |
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Term
|
Definition
Society consists of the structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared through regularized patterns of
social interaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Laws are formal norms enforced by the state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mores are norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society, and each society demands obedience to its mores. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sanctions are penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. |
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Term
|
Definition
Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to
assume that one’s own culture and way of life are superior to all others. |
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Term
| Explain Nature vs. Nurture. |
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Definition
Sociologists argue that the rules we follow, the language we speak, and the values we believe in have
less to do with our DNA (nature) than with the cultural context into which we emerge (nurture). |
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Term
| What is the process of socialization? |
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Definition
Socialization is the lifelong process through which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors
appropriate for members of a particular culture. |
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Term
| What is Cooley’s Looking Glass Self? |
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Definition
| That we become who we are based on how we think others see us. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gender roles are expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. |
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Term
| What are the concepts and ideas of Erving Goffman? |
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Definition
| Goffman offered the dramaturgical approach, which studies interaction as if we were all actors on a stage. He also suggested that many of our daily activities involve impression management-altering the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. |
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Term
What are Bowles and Gintis theories regarding the focus of
schools. |
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Definition
| The tendency of schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to prepare students for the types of jobs typically held by members of their class. |
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Term
| What is The life course theory? |
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Definition
| Sociologists who take a life course approach look closely at the social factors, including gender and income, that influence people throughout their lives, from birth to death. |
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Term
| What is the definition of Social Interaction? |
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Definition
| A reciprocal exchange in which two or more people, read, react, and respond to each other. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The social positions we occupy relative to others. |
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Term
| Definition of Role taking |
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Definition
| The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint. |
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Term
| Definition of Primary Group |
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Definition
| A small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation. |
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Term
| Definition of Social Institutions |
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Definition
| An organized patter of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. |
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Term
| How inequality is reinforced? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of Social Control |
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Definition
| The techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal norms enforced by the state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. |
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Term
| What is Robert Merton’s anomie theory of deviance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Edwin Sutherland’s theory of criminal behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Labeling theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of nuclear family |
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Definition
| A married couple and their unmarried children living together. |
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Term
| What is the Functionalist theory of the family? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Functionalist theory of the family? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Power distribution in the family? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain Alice Rossi and parenthood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Define Dual-Income familiies |
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Definition
| A family in which both parents earn an income. |
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Term
| Define Divorce and remarriage. |
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Definition
| Divorce is separating from a spouse and remarriage is marrying after a divorce. |
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Term
| Definition of domestic partnership. |
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Definition
| Two unrelated adults who share a mutually caring relationship, reside together, and agree to be jointly responsible for their dependents, basic living expenses and other common necessities. |
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Term
| Explain Jonathan Kozol and education |
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Definition
| He argues that wealthier districts have the money to offer programs and facilities that poor districts cannot hope to match. |
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Term
| Definition of hidden curriculum |
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Definition
| Standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools. |
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Term
| Explain Funding for public schools |
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Definition
| Funding comes mostly from local and state governments, each contributing approximately 45%. The Fed Gov. provides about 9%. |
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Term
| Substantive definition of religion |
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Definition
| A social institution dedicated to establishing a shared sense of identity, encouraging social integration, and offering believers a sense of meaning and purpose. |
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Term
| Explain New religious movements vs. cults. |
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Definition
| A small, alternative faith community that represents either a new religion or a major innovation in an existing faith. |
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Term
| Explain Karl Marx and religion |
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Definition
| Marx described religion as an "opiate" that was particularly harmful to oppressed peoples. |
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Term
| What are the Two types of economic systems? |
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Definition
| Capitalism and Socialism. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An economic system based on private property in which profit-seeking individuals, companies and corporations compete in the marketplace. |
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Term
| Explain Max Weber on power and authority |
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Definition
| Power is the ability to exercise one's will over others even if they resist. Authority is power that is recognized as legitimate by the people over whom it is exercised. |
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Term
| What is the Responsibility of a political system? |
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Definition
| To implement and achieve societies goals. |
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Term
| Explain The pluralist model and criticisms of it. |
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Definition
| A view of society in which many competing groups within the community have access to government, so that no single group is dominant. |
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Term
| Definition of class system |
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Definition
| A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility. |
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Term
| Karl Marx and the primary mode of economic production? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Explain Max Weber and stratification. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Explain the Measures of social class. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Percent of wealth held by 1% of the population? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain Feminization of poverty |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the Social mobility and the occupational strucure. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain Domination of the world market place |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain Modernization AND the World Systems Theory |
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Definition
| The far reaching process by which nations pass from traditional forms of social organization toward those characteristic of post industrial revolution societies. |
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Term
| What is the Dependency Theory? |
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Definition
| An approach that contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain. |
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Term
| What is Female Genital Mutilation? |
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Definition
| What was done to woman who was promiscuous so that no man would want her. |
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Term
| What is Declaration of Human Rights? |
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Definition
| A listing of basic human rights. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Expectations regarding the proper behavior attitudes, and activities of males or females. |
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Term
| What is the glass ceiling theory? |
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Definition
| An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity. |
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Term
| What is the second shift concept of Hochschild? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the Status of women around the world |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain Same-sex experiences for those under 24 |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain Married working women. |
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Definition
| More women are working outside of the home than in the past. |
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Term
| Definition of minority group and racial group |
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Definition
| A subordinate group whose members, even if they represent a numeric majority, have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior. |
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Term
| Definition of discrimination |
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Definition
| The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons. |
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Term
| What are the Glass Ceiling Commission findings? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Definition of Affirmative Action |
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Definition
| Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation. |
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Term
| Definition of human ecology |
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Definition
| The area of study concerned with the interrelationships between people and their environments. |
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Term
| Explain Human ecological approach |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Kyoto Protocol? |
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Definition
| A world agreement that is enforced by law with the goal of reducing the worlds carbon foot print by 2015. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain Women vs. men related to health issues |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Define the Evolutionary theory of social change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Equilibrium model? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Definition of social movements |
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Definition
| An organized collective activity to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group of society. |
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Term
| Definition of relative deprivation |
|
Definition
| The conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities. |
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Term
| Definition of resource mobilization |
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Definition
| The ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel. |
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Term
| How can sociology improve society? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. |
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Term
| What is the Glass elevator? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of racial group |
|
Definition
| A group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance. |
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Term
| Explain the World Systems Theory |
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Definition
| A view of the global economic system as one divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited. |
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