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| Which of these types of society has the greatest amount of social differentiation? |
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| Those societies that are gemeinschaft are characterized by |
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| The established position that one occupies within a social structure and that carries with it a degree of prestige is called a(n) _____. |
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Definition
| To study the difference in academic achievement between male and female athletes, one might look at rates of graduation among university students involved in sports. This is an example of _____ research. |
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| If respondents do not answer a survey honestly, the researcher has a problem with ___ |
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| In the statement, “Diet determines one’s life expectancy,” diet is the ______ variable. |
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| The gas gauge on your car is broken and always drops to empty when the tank is just half full. Although the gauge is inaccurate, it can still be said to be _____. |
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| The type of research that is more open for interpretation of what people do is called _____ research. |
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| If a sociologist wants to know how students feel about living in residence halls, the most appropriate research method to use would be _____. |
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| If research clearly established that “study time determines the grades that a student earns,” grades are the _____ variable. |
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| Level of well-being” is an example of _____. |
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| The ability to apply the findings from one study to a broader population is called _____ |
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| Classical sociologists placed the most emphasis on _____. |
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| The abstract standards that define the ideal principles of a society are called ____ |
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| Sociologists refer to the concentration of cultural power as _____. |
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| Today in the U.S., about _____ percent of all homes have at least one television. |
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| Mass-produced culture (e.g. popular music and films) and other parts of culture that are shared by the general populous are called _____ culture |
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| Conflict theory originated in the work of ____ |
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Definition
| _____ coined the term sociology and first elaborated the positivist basis of sociology. |
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Definition
| The early sociologist who developed the concept of “critical distance” is _____. |
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| Sociology first emerged as a discipline in _____. |
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Definition
| According to the text, Durkheim, Marx, and Weber were _____ theorists. |
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Definition
| The system of thought that places a high value on scientific observation and description is called _____ |
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Definition
| According to Mead, children begin to take on the roles of significant people in their environment during the _____ stage of childhood socialization. |
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| The sociologist who argued that self-awareness develops as we see ourselves from the point of view of others is |
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Although the process of socialization promotes conformity, individual are also shaped by resistance to conformity and to oppression. This is an argument of _____.
CONFLICT THEORY
According to Mead, children begin to take on the roles of significant people in their environment during the _____ stage of childhood socialization.
PLAY
The sociologist who argued that self-awareness develops as we see ourselves from the point of view of others is
MEAD
Ann Lareau’s research on middle-class and working-class children illustrates
the lack of preparation working-class and poor children receive in terms of learning to negotiate through various social institutions.
Which of these statements is false from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?
Identity is something unconscious and hidden from view.
Symbolic interaction theory suggests that children learn
When young people move into adulthood and reject the religion of their youth, the influence of religion as an agent of socialization disappears.
FALSE
______ is interested in how social inequality affects the development of an individual’s identity.
Conflict theory
The media are important agents of socialization. If they present pervasive violent images, this may have the result of desensitizing children to the effects of violence and reducing sympathy for the victims.
TRUE
Which of these is not generally viewed as a consequence of socialization?
People have the capacity to act in socially deviant and harmful ways
Socialization encourages conformity with social expectations. In this way it is a form of social control.
TRUE
Socialization is the basis for identity.
TRUE
_____ occurs when behaviors and assumptions are learned so thoroughly that people no longer question them, and they are simply accepted as correct. |
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Definition
| In Piaget’s _____ stage of cognitive development, children experience the world through their senses. |
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| The tendency for group members to reach a consensus opinion, even if that decision is downright stupid |
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| Rigid adherence to rules that produces a slavish conformity, whether or not it accomplishes the purpose for which the rule was originally designed |
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| "McDonaldization of society" |
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| the impact of the problems and peculiarities of bureaucracy on society overall (George Ritzer) |
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| The most convincing explanation as to what causes risky shifts |
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Definition
| A group is two or more individuals who interact, share goals and norms, and have a subjective awareness as “we. |
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Definition
All of these choices are true.
created by the existence of an in-group.
perceived negatively by members of an in-group.
likely to have behavior interpreted in a negative way |
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Term
| What does Ritzer believe is the danger of McDonaldization for society? |
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Definition
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| Erwin Goffman referred to coercive organizations as: |
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Definition
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| Total institutions were described by Goffman as |
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Definition
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| "Individuals subordinated to systems of power experience stress and alienation as a result." This statement most closely reflects: |
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Definition
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Term
| The PTA, the Kiwanis Club, and political parties are all examples of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The Humane Society, the Kiwanis Club, and church groups are examples of _____ organizations. |
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Definition
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Term
| The study of formal organizations requires _____ |
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Definition
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| Which perspective is most likely to focus on the fact that individuals experience stress and alienation as a result of being subordinated within a formal organization? |
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Definition
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| Overall, the primary organizational principle that motivates McDonaldization is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A group is two or more individuals who interact, share goals and norms, and have a subjective awareness as “we. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dyad is a two person group (stable group). A triad is a three person group (unstable group). George Simmel (1902) discovered the group size effect; he observed how group size influences the behavior of the participants |
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Definition
is group decision making that is
commonly associated with unintended and
disastrous consequences |
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Definition
is doing together what we would
not do alone; group size and physical anonymity
influence this behavior. |
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Definition
are voluntary
organizations that people join because the
participants share the like values and moral
standards; the group activities are worthwhile.
– Ex: PTA, choirs, bull-fighting clubs, monasteries |
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Definition
are total institutions,
groups characterized by membership that is largely
involuntary.
– Ex: Prisons and detention centers |
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Definition
are large organizations, either
for-profit or nonprofit, that individuals join for specific
purposes, such as monetary reward.
– Ex: Microsoft, General Motors, The Bar
association |
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Term
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Definition
| is when people in a group are likely to make riskier decisions than if they are alone |
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Term
| Merton explains types of deviance in terms of the amount of correspondence between ______ and ______. |
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Definition
| social norms / social structure |
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| W. I. Thomas’ explanation of deviance focuses on what he called _____. |
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| Durkheim believed that the causes of suicide were |
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| Suicide among the elderly in society best fits which of Durkheim’s types of deviance? |
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Definition
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| Psychological explanations of deviance emphasize _____ as the underlying cause of deviant behavior. |
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| Which of the following problems is an example of the medicalization of deviance? |
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| The actions of the hijackers involved in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks are an example of _____. |
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| The Ku Klux Klan and Neo-Nazis are both examples of which type of structural strain? |
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Definition
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| Sociologists would consider crime to be a form of _____ deviance. |
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Definition
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Term
| W. I. Thomas’ explanation of deviance focuses on what he called _____. |
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Definition
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| Which of these types of crime is not included in the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report? |
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