Term
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Definition
| Citizens of Prague (mostly Bohemian Protestants) invade royal palace and throw two of King's ministers out a window...This was done because King Ferdinand II ignored Protestant pleas for intervention on behalf of the Evangelical Union (Protestant defensive alliance of city-states) |
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Definition
| English reformation, but for economics, not because of a divorce (from Catherine of Aragon) |
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Definition
| sickly, dies young, leaves no heir, nominates Lady Jane Grey |
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Definition
| Re-reformed England; defeated Spanish navy; Shakespeare during her time |
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Definition
| hired translators of Bible...Catholic...first Stuart (came from Scotland after Elizabeth had no heir. Son of Mary, Queen of Scots)...angered many people for upsetting Protestant/Catholic dynamic. |
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Term
| Bossuet's limits of royal authority |
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Definition
| King is subject to god; King must take care of citizens; King must take reasonable action |
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Term
| Purpose of government according to Bossuet |
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Definition
| WElfare and conservation of the state |
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Term
| Bossuet's View of Humanity |
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Definition
| All of humanity are creatures of God, but are corrupted by original sin. Therefore we need a divine government. |
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Term
| According to Frederick the Great, what does a monarch rule according to? (more info about this) |
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Definition
| His own interests. He must know what they are and study their history and application. |
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Term
| Frederick the Great and nobility |
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Definition
| Frederick preserved the Prussian nobility who had become impoverished. |
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Term
| Goal of government according to Frederick |
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Definition
| Strengthening of the state and the furthering of its power |
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Term
| What "grand truth" does Frederick rule by? |
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Definition
| Do unto others as they would do unto us. |
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Term
| Frederick and human nature |
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Definition
| Humans want great individual happiness. We are imporfect, as we act out of individual interest. |
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Term
| Frederick's duties of ruler |
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Definition
| Make sure food is provided for all and protect people from sin |
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Term
| Frederick and legal system |
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Definition
| It will become clear whether a law is just or not. Lawsuits should be as short as possible. |
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Term
| Frederick's "happiness of states" |
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Definition
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Term
| Three causes of disagreements (Hobbes) |
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Definition
| competition, diffidence, glory |
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Term
| Hobbes' three types of gov. |
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Definition
| Monarchy, Aristocracy, Democracy |
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Term
| Hobbes' reasons monarchy is best form of gov. |
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Definition
a.Private good is common good
b. Can get advice from people, so not all autonomous.
c. No opposition --> stability.
d. assemblies can argue amonst selves, whereas monarch's decisions are sound.
e. Less input from animalistic, not trustworthy people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Preserve human self, and create happy life. |
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Term
| Catherine the Great (who was she?) |
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Definition
| Empress of Russia in the late 18th C. Grand Instructions were propaganda (hoping to gain support from positive gesture) |
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Term
| Basis of freedom (Catherine) |
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Definition
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Term
| Kind of power Catherine likes...how will she use this? |
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Definition
| absolute...to correct people's actions and obtain supreme good. |
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Term
| The interests of which three things are bound together? (Catherine) |
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Definition
| citizens, state, and sovereign. |
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Term
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Definition
| Men are free, equal and independent. |
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Term
| What lacks in a natural situation (Locke)? |
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Definition
| Established, received law; Someone to indifferently interpret it; Someone to execute/enforce it. |
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Term
| What replaces natural law and its enforcement by individuals with the shift from natural state to society (Locke)? |
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Definition
| Societal Law (the established, received one) is enforced by the government. |
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Term
| What replaces natural law and its enforcement by individuals with the shift from natural state to society (Locke)? |
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Definition
| Societal Law (the established, received one) is enforced by the government. |
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Term
| Limits on legislature's powers (Locke)? |
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Definition
Cannot use power to:
-destroy, enslave, impoverish people
-arbitrary decrees
-taking property
-transferring power to others |
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Term
| Purpose of government (Locke) |
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Definition
| The preservation of property |
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Term
| Descartes' four guidelines for clear thinking |
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Definition
1. Only accept certain truths
2. Divide complex things into simpler things.
3. Order things beginning with simplest.
4. Make sure everything has been analyzed completely. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Freedom of dress, integration of Jews into society, education (even university level) |
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Term
| Newton's rules for clear thinking |
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Definition
1. If there are two causes to explain an event, simpler is better
2. Uniform universe. Same event has same cause.
3. All objects take up size and mass, found through INDUCTIVE reasoning.
4. Stuff found through inductive reasoning can be thought of as true. |
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Term
| Why do Christians make poor citizens? (Rousseau) |
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Definition
| Too much faith in providence and the will of God. Care too little for this world, making them poor soldiers, etc. |
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Term
| True Christianity and "Fake Christianity" (Rousseau) |
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Definition
| True Christianity is of private person. Everyone looks as others as brothers and is concerned only w/ other worlds. Fake is citizens of Church that fight for land that is temporal and spiritual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Should make citizens love their duty. Faith should be entirely civil. Nonbelievers put to death. omnipotent, intelligent, benevolent divinity. No intolerance. |
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Term
| Order of English Civil War Rulers |
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Definition
| Elizabeth (Tudor), James I (stuart), Charles I, Cromwell, Charles II, James II, William and Mary |
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Term
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Definition
In response to Charles I' war with France/Spain (He asked Parliament for money after declaring war).
-No taxes with out parliamentary consent.
-No arbitrary imprisonment
-No martial law
-No troop quartering
Dismissed by Charles I (short parliament) |
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Term
| Charles I 11 year tyranny |
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Definition
Did w/e he could to earn money.
Ship money -- levy saying people who live on coast pay higher taxes for protection. Made him HATED |
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Term
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Definition
| Archbishop of Canterbury during Charles' Reign. Believed to be closet Catholic. Tried to introduce Anglican prayer book in Scotland. Started war between England and Scotland. |
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Term
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Definition
| After war between England and Scotland had started, Charles needed money again. 9 year parliament. Abolished prerogative courts (exercised powers unique to sovereign), ship money, etc. Charles declared it illegal and brought troops in to arrest parliament --> CIVIL WAR! |
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Term
| English Civil War sides and outcomes |
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Definition
| Cavaliers support King, Roundheads (Proles, puritans, middle class) support him. Initially cavs have all power. Cromwell leads New Model Army for Roundheads. Roundheads win. Charles captured. Cromwell oges to Parliament and kills all Charles' supporters. Only those who believe in his treason left -- RUMP PARLIAMENT. Charles beheaded |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of parliament left after Cromwell killed all of Charles' supporters. |
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Term
| English Commonwealth and Protectorate |
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Definition
| Cromwell is "lord protector for life of commonwealth. hereditary. Rump parliament starts to oppose him, OC kills them, protectorate established. Levellers squashed. Cromwell turns England into Puritan social and moral society. All entertainment gone. Love marriage. religious tolerance. OC crushes Catholic revolution in Drogheda, Ireland. Richard, OC's son, allows parliament to reconvene - choose to bring in Charles II (has been in court of Louis XIV)-- called RESTORATION |
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Term
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Definition
| Charles II comes back to throne after Richard (O. Cromwell's son) allows parliament to reconvene. |
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Term
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Definition
| fun, frenchy guy. people liked him. Observed petition of right and magna carta. Perhaps closet catholic. Two possible successors. Catholic Brother James (supported by tories, not by Whigs), and 3 protestant brothers. Late on marries Catholic and has Catholic son. James chosen as successor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Quickly opposed by English. William III Of Orange and Mary II (James' Daughter) take over in bloodless, glorious revolution. |
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Term
| William of Orange and Mary |
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Definition
| Sign English bill of Rights. |
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Term
| Four periods of Thirty Years War, in order |
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Definition
| Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French |
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Term
| Bohemian Period (30 yrs war) |
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Definition
| prior to war, Violated Treaty of Augsburg by pillaging Protestant kingdoms. Protestants alarmed. Evangelical Union Army starts winning battles over Catholic LEague. Bohemians want Ferdinand II to Intervene. Ferdinand doesn't. Defenestration of Prague happens. Frederick V (Calvinist) become King of Bohemia, elector of Palatines. Lutheran EU members withdraw. Ferdinand (now HRE) takes advantage. Tilly's CL army starts beating EU forces. |
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Term
| Danish Period (30 Yrs. War) |
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Definition
| Christian, king of Denmark and Norway, wants territory in northwestern Europe and end of Habsburg and joins city-state side. Mobilized large army (invaded Saxony). Wallenstein's mercenaries and Tilly's army destroy him. Victory issued with Edict of Restitution |
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Term
| Edict of Restitution and Treaty of Lubeck |
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Definition
| nullified Protestant titles to all Catholic property taken since peace of Augsburg. Treaty of Lubeck deprives Christian of small holdings in Germany |
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Term
| Swedish Period (30 Yrs. War) |
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Definition
| Gustav Adolph persuaded by Richelieu to intervene. Does so because of interest in Baltic. Leads well-trained army. Gustav vs. Tilly. Long, hard-fought fight. Reach southern Germany, where Tilly is mortally wounded. Wallenstein recalled. Gustav dies. Bernhard takes over. Wallenstein starts peace talks and is assassinated because of them. Imperial armies destroy Bernhard at Nordlingen. Protestants abandon struggle. |
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Term
| French Period (30 Yrs. War) |
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Definition
| Imperialist struggle for power in Western Europe btwn. Habsburgs and France. France declares war on Spain. Sweden and German Lutherans ally with France. French side keeps winning battles, Habsburgs have to concede land. Sweden overruns Denmark. Ferdinand III doesn't admit defeat until siege of Prague and Munich, and defeat of Bavarians and Austrians. PEace of Westphalia gives Hohenzollerns power, established Switzerland and holland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Switzerland, Holland. Loss of 25% of German population. Villages suffered most. Economic activity in decline. Most casualties in a war until WWI. |
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