Term
|
Definition
- To avoid predators
- Conserve energy and restor
- memory consolidation |
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Term
| What was the view of sleep in the late 1800's? |
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Definition
| Wakefullness is the active state of all animals. Death is the suspension of the active state. Sleep is the state between wakefullness and death. |
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Term
| What was Robert MacNish's views on sleep (1834)? |
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Definition
Sleep is an inactive brain state due to reduced sensory stimulation. This is similar to the reticular activation theory.
- believed sleep was the same as coma, hybrination, and drunkenness. |
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Term
| LeJendre's 1910 theory of fatiuge |
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Definition
| hypnotoxin theory: during the day there is a buildup untill it causes sleep. Sleep elimnates these neurotoxins. |
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Term
| What were the findings of Nathaniel Kleitman's 1920 studie? |
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Definition
| Found that subjects were less impaired on cognitive tasks after a night of sleep deprevation than when awoken in the midle of the night. This was evidenced against the hypnotoxin theory. This was however evidance for circadian rhythms. |
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Term
| Nathaniel Kleitman found that the maximum cognitive impairment was reached after _____ hours of sleep depervation. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What did Nathaniel Kleitman discover in his study of infant sleep? |
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Definition
| Observed eye movments at sleep onset that disappeared as sleep continued. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nathaniel Kleitman's student. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Asernnsky and Kleitman: electrooculogram |
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Term
| Aserinsky and Kleitmen woke subjects up during eye movment to find that they were... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| REM sleep is associated with... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What order doe the stages of sleep occur? |
|
Definition
| Stage 1,2,3,4,3,2,1,REM,1,2,3,4 |
|
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Term
| How late in the night does the first REM occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Richard Caton's 1875 sleep studeis were the first too... |
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Definition
| study sleepp continusoulsy and quantatativly though the use of EEG's without waking the sleeper. |
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Term
| Davis and Harvey discovered this in their 1930 study. |
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Definition
| What are brain wave patterns? |
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Term
| Stimulation of the reticular formation causes |
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Definition
| increased EEG activity and awakening |
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Term
| The reticular activiating system theroy states that sensory input is what keeps us awake, there for a lack of senosry input leads to sleeping. This theory is suported by the fact that |
|
Definition
| sensory nerves dischrage inot the reticular formation. |
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Term
| What hapens to someone who experiences dammage to there reticular formation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Gelineau discovered this abnormal sleep pathology. |
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Definition
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Term
| This sleep disorder literaly translated means: overcome by numbness |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Loss of muscle control and tone is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Charles Dickens was the first to write about this sleep disorder which he termed "pickwhickian syndrome." |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Freud explained dreams as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the freudian term for the underlying meaning of the dream? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| freudian term for the underlying meaning of the dream? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the fruedian term for the surface conent (what you see) in a dream |
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Term
| What is the fruedian term for the surface conent (what you see) in a dream |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Acording to Freud, latent was used |
|
Definition
| a defense mechanism that used symbolismm to relaese disturigin matiersl. This was matter that arose fromt he ID and was too disturbing for the EGO to handel. |
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Term
| Freud's Steam engine analgoy of dreams |
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Definition
| dreams were believed to serve as a purging of distress from the mind. |
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Term
| The funding of sleep research was fuled by |
|
Definition
| the publics interest in dreams |
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Term
| This is the study of life over time |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the study of life over time |
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Term
|
Definition
| Phenomana that plants tend to turn towards the sun |
|
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Term
| Phenomana that plants tend to turn towards the sun |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe the study using plants that provoided evidence of circadian rhythms. |
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Definition
| Flowers opened during the day and closed at night. This was found to occur even if the plant was kept in darkness. |
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Term
| Why does REM go against the retecular activation theory? |
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Definition
| because the reticular activationt heory states that we are asleep due to a lack of arrousal. REM is a state of great brain arrousal. |
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Term
| What stages of sleep is it hardest to be awoken? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage of sleep is it easiest to be awoken? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What area of the brain serves to shut of impulses to the skelital muscles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| REM sleep is caracterized by brain waves that are |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the role of the Pons in sleep? |
|
Definition
| the Pons activly shuts off activity in the periferial nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What consists of the perfierial nervous system? |
|
Definition
| nerves leading to the skeletal muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
| Electro enseflogram: measures brain waves |
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Term
|
Definition
| electro cardio gram: mesures heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| electro oculogram: measures eye movment |
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Term
|
Definition
| electro miliogram: measures muscle movment |
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|
Term
| A lack of muscle tone is experienced during this stage of sleep |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| During REM sleep, these brain areas are more active than during wakefullness |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A polysomnogram consists of |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| SOREMs are associated with Narcolepsy. What are SOREMs? |
|
Definition
| sleep onset REM. Immediatly falling inot REM sleep. FOund in narcoleptics and babies. |
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Term
| This is the phenomona of being able to control your dreams. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Activation synthesis theory belives that dreams are |
|
Definition
| the result of the brain making sense of the random noise of brian activity |
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Term
|
Definition
| this is the increase in duration and intensity of sleep after deprivation |
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|
Term
| What is the optimal duration for a restfull nap? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| This brain structure is highly active during sleep and may effect your mood when you are awoken |
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Definition
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Term
| Do larger or smaller animals sleep more? |
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Definition
| Smaller animals sleep more. Larger animals tend to sleep less. |
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Term
| behavioral definition of sleep |
|
Definition
| a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement in which you are unresponsive to the environment |
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Term
| T or F Lack of sleep can lead to immune and endocrine malfunction. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False Lack of sleep can exacerbate conditions such as obeasity, depression, and hypertension. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleep can help wtih these 3 psychological functions: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleep deprevation is comparable to this when driving |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many millions americnas have sleep problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of people bring up there sleep problems to there doctors? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Regular sleep is characterized by ___ to ___ hours with ___ to ____ wakes through the night. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sleep at night wake during the day |
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Term
|
Definition
| wake at night sleep during day |
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Term
|
Definition
| neurotransmitter that continually increses during wakefullness. Increased levles lead to increased sleepieness. Levles decrease only during sleep. This is support of the neurotoxin theory. |
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|
Term
| What is the role of cafeen in sleep? |
|
Definition
| Cafeine works by blocking Adenozine receptors making it difficult to feel sleepy. |
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Term
| This chemical is produced in the kidney (adrenal cortex)and helps to wake you up by increasing during the end of the sleep cycle. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| High levles of cortosol anc lead to: |
|
Definition
| decreased bone mass, depresion, anger, and degeneration of the brain |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| an excitatory sleep hormone |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| hormone that increases hunger. Secreated by the stomach, pancreas and hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowlevels increase hunger (carb cravings) |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of americnas are overweight and obese? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage 4 sleep is characterized by this type of brain waves |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This hormone is produced during Slow Wave Sleep (stage 4) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The side effects of 19 hrs of sleep deprivation are worse than being drunk. Some of the side effects are: |
|
Definition
| less judgment, slwoer reaction time, worse recall, worse reading ability |
|
|
Term
| What is the relation between sleep and mood? |
|
Definition
| deficits in sleep cna leed to anger, sadness, and anxiety |
|
|
Term
| The effects of decreased HGH with age lead to: |
|
Definition
| less muscle produciton, more fat produciton. HGH is rleased during sleep. |
|
|
Term
| What 2 female hormones are important in regulating sleep? |
|
Definition
| Lutenizing Hormone (LH) and FSH |
|
|
Term
| What is the imune systems responce to sleep deprevation? |
|
Definition
| The initial responce is to boost the system against attacks but prolonged deprevation will lead to imune system supression. |
|
|
Term
| Thispart of the brain regulates wakefullness, body temperature, hormone levles, and cogintive performance |
|
Definition
| the superchiasmatic nucleaus of the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| Cridian is litterally translated to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This part of the brain is referred to as the brains biological clock. |
|
Definition
| superchiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| What is the main sleep related function of the superchiasmatic nucleus (hypothalamus)? |
|
Definition
| It sends a signal directly to they pineal gland to release melatonin. This occurs at night and is shut off by sunling. |
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|
Term
| Levles of melatonin are highst at what time? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What hapens to body temperature at night? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the term for the point at night where you have the lowest body temperature |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Exogonis Melatonin can be taken as a suplment 2-3 hrs before bed. This can help by |
|
Definition
| increasing the lenght of sleep, and decreasing sleep latency |
|
|
Term
| What direction of traviel is the worst for jet lag? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 things can be done to best counter jet lag? |
|
Definition
| sleep on your way during the trip, adapt to the new time zone |
|
|
Term
| Acidents, digestive problems, and physical andmental heatlh problems are all consequences of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ideal temperature for sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of muscle tone experienced druing REM |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the Pons during REM sleep |
|
Definition
| shuts off messages to the periferial nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What stages of sleep are associated with Alpha waves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stages of sleep are associated with Theta waves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stages of sleep are associated with Delta waves |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| K complexes and sleep spindles are expereinced during this stage of sleep |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleep walking and sleep terrors occur in this stage of sleep |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This stage of sleep is the deepest, where growth occurs, and where energy is restored and is the deepest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| REM sleep comprizes fo what percnet of the nights sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| REM sleep consists of these brain waves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses 2 different pressures (inspiration and respiration)usedfor central sleep apnea and repiratory insuffiiency |
|
|
Term
| Sleep apnea is defined by this number of episodes in an hour |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frequent nite time urinaiton |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of mates sleep in seperate bedrooms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many events consitute mild mod and severe on the Apnia Hypopnia Index (AHI)? |
|
Definition
mild 5-15 events
mod 15-30
severe 30+ |
|
|
Term
| Upper airways resistant syndrome |
|
Definition
| frequent arousals with only mild breathign difficulties. No apnea or hypopneas, just awakenenings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnia Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What is the best predictor of sleep apnea |
|
Definition
| neck circumfrnace (over 15 inches) |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary cuase of apnea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fisical facial features usch as a smaller mandible that is moved back, narrow pallet, and small chin are risk factors for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gender is 2-1 for apnea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Apena is found in this percentage of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are asians more apt to to have apnea |
|
Definition
| not obeasity but narrow jaw and cranial facial features |
|
|
Term
| How few hours can a CPAP be used in order to still be effective |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soar throat, dryness, clostrophobia, and discomfort for partenrs are posible negative aspects of using... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of patietns stop using the CPAP after the first year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treatments exisst for apnea besides the cpap? |
|
Definition
| oral surgery, weight reduciton |
|
|
Term
| What is the best position to sleep to prevent apnea? |
|
Definition
| fetal position on your side |
|
|
Term
| what is the worst postion to sleep for apnea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is central sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
| stop breathing due to lack of CNS stimulation to breath |
|
|
Term
| How long does REM onset take for narcoleptics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypnogogic / hypnopompic halucinations |
|
Definition
| falling asleep, when waking |
|
|
Term
| To be diagnosed with Narcolepsy you need to have a polysomnogrma as well as symptoms for _____ months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 medications used to treat narcolepsy |
|
Definition
provigel: stimujlatn treats sleepyness and increases alpha waves
xyrem: treats cataplexy and excesive sleepyenss |
|
|
Term
| True or False: 3 naps a day can be helpful for narcoleptics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emotion is a common trigger of this parasomnia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medula controls these basic body functions |
|
Definition
| respiration, and heart rate |
|
|
Term
| This brain structure is the "primative" attetion center (orientatin). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Narcolepsy occurs during this age range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Narcoleptic attacks last for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The prevelance of narcolepsy is most prevelant in :
us
jap
isreal |
|
Definition
Jappan 1/600
US 1/2000
Isreal 1/500,000 |
|
|
Term
| Ture or false: after a bout of narcolepsy individuals feel fatigue |
|
Definition
| false: they feel well rested due to the experience of restfull REM sleep |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
| reduction of Hypocretin cells in the hypothalums. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in ability to move trunk or limbs lasting for 1-2 minutes when you fall asleep or awaken |
|
|
Term
| Hypnogogig/popmic halucinations |
|
Definition
| halucinations at sleep onset/wakeinging |
|
|
Term
| What is the sleep positon most asociated with sleep paralysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden loss of muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| What are teh 4 parasomnias: |
|
Definition
nitmare disorder
sleep terror disorder
sleep waling disorder
parasomnia nos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you act on your dreams: walk, kick, scream |
|
|
Term
| REM behavior disorder has a typical onset at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Homicides and rapes have been commeted during REM behavior disorder? |
|
Definition
| False. Directive behaviors have not been reproted. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 medical treatments of RBD? |
|
Definition
klonopin: increases GABA (inhibitory NT )
L-dopa: used for parkinsons
melatoning |
|
|
Term
| What is the main behavioral treatment for RBD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main behavioral treatment for RBD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do sleep walkers (somnambulisms) usualy remember there dreams? |
|
Definition
| no they are in stage 4 sleep |
|
|
Term
| T or F: you should not wake a sleep walker. |
|
Definition
| False. You should wake them and bring them back to bed. Sleep walking can be dangerous. |
|
|
Term
| What is the prevelacne of sleep walking in preschoolers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Have sexual and violent beahviros occurd during sleep walking? |
|
Definition
| sexual have but violence is rare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at the beginign of the night |
|
|
Term
| T or F sleep terrors are bad dreams? |
|
Definition
| False. Sleep terros are not dreams b/c youare not dreaming. |
|
|
Term
| Should you wake someone from there sleep terror? |
|
Definition
| Probably not. waking can prolong the experience |
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|
