Term
| Epidermis: outer--> inner |
|
Definition
| corneum, lucidum, granulosum, germinativum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of closely packed, dead squamous cells that contain the water proofing protein keratin. |
|
|
Term
| lies below the dermis and connects epidermis to dermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stratum corneum and cellular stratum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the deepest sublayer of the cellular stratum, the stratum germinativum. |
|
|
Term
| keratin cells are synthesized here |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| richly vascularized connective tissue layer of the skin that supports and separates the epidermis from the cutanous adipose tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only present in thicker skin of the palms and soles and lies just below the stratum corneum. |
|
|
Term
| protects the body against harmful environmental subtances and restricts water loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| keratinocytes mature as they make their way to the surface through the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum to replace the cells in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| melanocytes can be found in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensory nerve fibers located here form a complex network to provide sensations of pai, touch, and temperature. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dermis is connected to underlying organs by this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this layer contains autonomic nerves that innervate blood vessels, glands, and the arrectores pilorum muscles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subcutaneous layer that consists of loose connetive tissue filled with fatty cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| eccrine sweat glands are located |
|
Definition
| everywhere except, lip margins, eardrums, nail beds, inner surface of the prepuce and glans penis. |
|
|
Term
| these glands open directly onto the surafce of the skine and regulate body temperature through water secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized structures found only in the axillae, nipples, areolae, anogenital area, eyelids, and external ears. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odorless (Body odor is produces by bacterial decomposition of apocrine sweat). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lipid-rich substance that keeps the skin and hair from drying out. |
|
|
Term
| which is deeper, apocrine or eccrine |
|
Definition
| apocrine=larger and deeper than eccrine. |
|
|
Term
| hair is formed by what kind of cells that invaginate into the dermal layers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulated by sex hormones |
|
Definition
| sebaceous secretory activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short, fine, soft and nonpigmented. |
|
|
Term
| loop of capillaries at base of follicle that supplies nourishment for growth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coarser, longer, thicker, and usually pigmented. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epidermal cells converted to hard plates of keratin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is highly vascularized and lies beneath the nail plate, giving the nail its pink color. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stratum corneum layer of skin covering the nail root |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| soft tissue surrounding the nail border |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skin of infants and children appears smoother than that of adults |
|
Definition
| partly because of the relative absence of coarse terminal hair and partly because the skin has not been subjected to years of exposure to the elements. |
|
|
Term
| mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis, covers infant's body at birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| poorly developed in newborns, predisposing them to hypothermia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fine, silky hair, that which the newborn's body is covered in, particularly the shoulders and back. |
|
|
Term
| most of newborn's head hair is shed by about |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after the newborn's head hair is shed (2-3 months after birth) it is replaced by |
|
Definition
| more permanent hair with a new texture and often a different color |
|
|
Term
| apocrine function is absent in newborns, giving the skin |
|
Definition
| a less oily texture and resulting in characteristic inoffensive perspiration. |
|
|
Term
| eccrine sweat glands begin to function |
|
Definition
| after the first month of life. |
|
|
Term
| during adolscence the apocrine sweat glands enlarge and become active causing |
|
Definition
| axillary sweating and sometimes body odor. |
|
|
Term
| sebaceous glands increase sebum (in adolescents) in response to |
|
Definition
| increased hormone levels, primarily androgens, giving the skin an oily appearance and predisposing the individual to acne. |
|
|
Term
| coarse terminal appears in the axillae and pubic areas |
|
Definition
| of both males and females and on the faces of males. |
|
|
Term
| in pregnant women, increased blood flo to the skin, especially that of the hands and feet, results from |
|
Definition
| peripheral vasodilation and increased numbers of capillaries. |
|
|
Term
| this percentage of women have some degree of skin darkening beginning in early pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these three mechanisms assists in dissipating the excess heat caused by the increased metabolism during pregnancy |
|
Definition
1) peripheral vasodilation
2) increased number of capillaries
3) acceleration of sweat and sebaceous gland activity |
|
|
Term
| the skin of older adults becomes drier with less perspiration produced due to |
|
Definition
| a decreae in sebaceous and sweat gland activity |
|
|
Term
| the epidermis folds and assumes a wrinkled appearance in older adults because |
|
Definition
| the dermis becomes less elastic, loses collagen, and elastic fibers, and shrinks. This causes the epidermis to fold and assume a wrinkled appearance. |
|
|
Term
| the joints and bony prominences of older adults have a sharp and angular appearance due to |
|
Definition
| a decrease in subcutaneous tissue, particularly in the extremities. |
|
|
Term
| grey hair results from a decrease in the number of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transitions from vellus to terminal hair occurs in the hair of |
|
Definition
| the nares and the tragus of men's ears. |
|
|
Term
| increased risk of developing melanoma |
|
Definition
| those with fair skin and light eyes |
|
|
Term
| those with fair skin, freckled, ruddy complexions |
|
Definition
| are at high risk of developing basal cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| daylight produces the best illumination for |
|
Definition
| determining color variations, particularly jaundice |
|
|
Term
| how long before sun exposure should one apply sunscreen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reapply sunscreen after swimming and how long after exposure |
|
Definition
| reapply 2-3 hours after exposure |
|
|
Term
| tangential lighting is helpful in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pay careful attention to intertriginous surfaces, especially in |
|
Definition
| older adults and bedridden patients |
|
|
Term
| inspect the skin and mucous membranes (especially oral) for |
|
Definition
| odor and uniform appearane, thickness, symmetry, hygiene and the presence of any lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coin dipped in mentholated oil is vigorously rubbed across the skin in a prescribed manner, casing a mild dermabrasion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| series of small, heated glasses are placed on the skin, forming a suction that leaves a red or purpuric circular mark |
|
|
Term
| (skin thickness varies over the body) with the thinnest skin on the |
|
Definition
| eyelids and the thickest at areas of pressure or rubbing, most notably the soles, palms, and elbows. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by the pressure of a bony prominence against softer tissue --> appear as whitish thickenings, commonly between the 4th and 5th toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sharply dilineated and have a conical appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most often over bony prominences where pressure is exerted, such as from shoes pressing on the interphalangeal joints at the toes. |
|
|
Term
| less well demaracted than corns and usually are not tender |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skin color may be masked by |
|
Definition
| cosmetics and tanning agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in lighter-skined individuals than in darker-skinned individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to view fluorescing, hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesions |
|
|
Term
| occur on the upper back in men and on the legs in women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| border more irregular, lesions tend to e larger, often greater than 6mm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dysplastic nevi (atypical moles) occur predominantly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually less than 6mm, uniformly tan or brown, clearly defined border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mixture of tan, bron, black and red/pink, irregular borders, often larger than 6mm and sometimes larger than 10mm |
|
|
Term
| a bluish hie of the lips and gums can be a normal finding in persons with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| discolorations produced by injuries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| discolorations produced by mechanisms other than injury |
|
Definition
petechiae when smaller than .5 cm in diameter
purpura when larger than .5 cm in diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pale shiny skin of the lower extremities |
|
Definition
| may reflect hanges that occur with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| permanently dilated, small blood vessels consisting of venules, capillaries, or arterioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arterial, and when blanched, will refull in a very organized way, from the center out and evenly in all directions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| little masses of venules, and when blanched will refill in an erratic, not-at-all organized way. |
|
|
Term
| pituitary, adrenal, liver disease |
|
Definition
| generalized darkening of melanin pigment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palms, scalp, forehead, axillae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| localized absence of melanin |
|
|
Term
| tuberculosis lymphadenitis (scrufola) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased carotene pigmentation (yellow) |
|
Definition
| hypothyroidism, increased intake of vegetables containing carotene |
|
|
Term
| nevi, neurofibromatosis, albinism, vitiligo |
|
Definition
| (white) absence of melanin |
|
|
Term
| should evidence minimal dampnes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general absence of melanin |
|
|
Term
| anaerobic infection; scurvy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pseudomonas infection (espcially burns) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hyperkeratoses, especially of the palms and soles |
|
Definition
| may be the sign of a systemic disorder such as arsenic or other toxic exposure |
|
|
Term
| the peak hours for harmful UV radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| genetically predisposed men often display a gardual symmetric hair loss on the scalp during adulthood as a response to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fluid-filled lesions will |
|
Definition
| transilluminate with a red glow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| turgor will be altered if the patient is |
|
Definition
| substantially dehydrated or if edema is present |
|
|
Term
| turgor is decreased in a dehydrated patient as evidenced by |
|
Definition
| the pinched skin's failing to spring back to place after release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be used to evaluate epidermal hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesions and to distinguish fluorescing lesions |
|
|
Term
| indicative of the presence of some types of fungal infection |
|
Definition
| yellow-green fluorescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those that result from later evolution of or external trauma to a primary lesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occur as initial spontaneous manifestations of a pathologic process |
|
|
Term
| asymmetric hair loss may indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth of terminal hair in a male distribution pattern on the face, body and pubic area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth of terminal hair in a male distribution pattern on the face, body and pubic area |
|
|
Term
| peeling nails (from the plate splitting into layers) are usually found in individuals whose |
|
Definition
| hands are subject to repeated water immersion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psoriasis, fungal infections, chronic respiratory disease |
|
|
Term
| proximal subungal fungal infection |
|
Definition
| associated with HIV infection |
|
|
Term
| diffuse darkening of the nails |
|
Definition
| may arise frm antimalarial drug therapy, candidal infection, hyperbilrubinemia, and chronic trauma (tight-fitting shoes). |
|
|
Term
| single blue or black nail may indicate |
|
Definition
| melanoma, or bruising/bleeding from trauma |
|
|
Term
| green-black discoloration (nails) |
|
Definition
| pseudomonas (may be confused with similar discoloration caused by injury tothe nail bed) subungal hematoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inherited disorder of copper metabolism (blue nails) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wilson disease (inherited disorder of copper metabolism), silver poisoning, medication side effects |
|
|
Term
| separation of the nail plate from the bed produces |
|
Definition
| a white, yellow, or green tinge on the nonadherent portion of the nail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complete absence of the nail (may be congenital) |
|
|
Term
| longitudinal white streaks or transverse white bands |
|
Definition
| systemic disorder (need to be distinguished from white spots=cuticle manipulation, mild trauma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| longitudinal red or brown streaks (endocarditis, vasculitis, severe psoriasis, minor injury to proximal nail fold) |
|
|
Term
| nail will grow out and assume normal appearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depressions that occur in all the nails are usually |
|
Definition
| a response to systemic disease (syphillis, high fever disorders, peripheral vascular disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus) |
|
|
Term
| pain in the area of a nail groove |
|
Definition
| may be secondary to ischemia |
|
|
Term
| nail base angle should measure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the toenails and is thought to be caused by shoe compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most commonly seen with psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| angle of nail base increases and approaches or exceeds 180 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tight-fitting shoes, chronic trauma, fungal infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variety of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, colitis and thyroid disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lumbosacral hair tuft overlying spinal column (spina bifida occulta) |
|
|
Term
| less subcutaneous fat the |
|
Definition
| redder and more transparent the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cyanosis of the hands and feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transient mottling when infant is exposed to decreaed temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mild degree in 50% of newborns, starts after 1st day, persists 8-10 days (but maybe 3-4 weeks) |
|
|
Term
| salmon patches (stork bites) |
|
Definition
| flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on the mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip and back of neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation, usually in the sacral and gluteal regions (african, native american, asian, latin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pink papular rash with vesicles superimposed on thorax, back, buttocs, and abdomen; may appear in 24-48 hours and resolves after several days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may be associated with renal abnormalities. congenital accessory nipples with or without glandular tissue, located along the mammary line |
|
|
Term
| NF-1, neurofibromatosis diagnosis includes |
|
Definition
| 6 or more cafe-au-lait macules more than 5 mm in greatest diameter in prepubescent individuals or more than 15 mm in greatest diameter after puberty. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small whitish, discrete papules on the face (commonly found during 1st 2-3 months of life) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stretch marks, may apear over the abdomen, thighs and breasts during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy (fade but never really disappear) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may be aggravted during the 1st trimester but often improves in the 3rd trimester |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acrochordan= small, soft tags of skin, usually appearing on the neck and upper chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may not be a reliabe or valid estimate of hydration status |
|
|
Term
| purpura, particularly dorsal surfaces or hands and lower arm that get tapped or bumped |
|
Definition
| is commonly seen in older adults on aspirin therapy |
|
|
