Term
| support of body/organs, and locomotion (anchor for muscles) |
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Definition
| primary function of the skeletal system |
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Term
| protection, mineral storage, hemopoiesis(marrow) |
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Definition
| secondary function of skeletal system |
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Term
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Definition
| bone is rigid, cartilage is ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| what are bone and cartilage derived from? |
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Term
| properties of the ground substance and extracellular fibers |
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Definition
| strength of bone and cartilage depends on what |
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Term
exo
pros: anchors muscle effectively, rigid, armor-like, makes you "stronger" due to better biomechanics(can live 10x body weight)
cons: growth is difficult so they have to shed and are vulnerable to predation
endo: pros? cons: always soft and squishy on the outside and vulnerable to predation |
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Definition
| advantages/disadvantages of exoskeletons and endoskeletons |
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Term
| stellate mesenchymal cells -> chondroblasts |
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Definition
| in cartilage formation, _________ cells differentiate into rounded _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| in cartilage, these grow and synthesize ground substance and fibrous extra cellular matrix, trapping themselves in lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
| after trapped in the lacunae the chondroblasts divide via mitosis and make clusters of ______ separated by ECM |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounds cartilage like seran wrap |
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Term
| fibroblasts, collagen, immature chondroblasts |
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Definition
| the perichondrium is a peripheral zone of dense CT containing what (3) things |
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Term
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Definition
| new cartilage forms within mass of cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| in interstitial growth do chondrocytes retain the ability to divide? |
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Term
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Definition
| new cartilage forms at the surface of pre-existing cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| which is the more common mechanism of cartilage growth? |
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Term
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Definition
| in appositional growth, new chondrocytes are derived from the mesenchymal cells of _____ which differentiate first into chondroblasts |
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Term
| in the center of the cartilage mass, new ones grow on edges |
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Definition
| where are more mature chondrocytes located in appositional growth? |
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Term
| no, its avascular, most of it lacks blood vessels |
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Definition
| does cartilage have a blood supply? |
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Term
| diffusion through the ground substance |
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Definition
| how does exchange of meatbolites occur in cartilage |
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Term
| blood vessels in secondary cartilage canals |
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Definition
| thick cartilage contains _______ in secondary cartilage canals |
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Term
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Definition
| cartilage thickness is limited by this |
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Term
| amorphous ground substance containing collagen (and proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and elastic fibers) |
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Definition
| what is in the extracellular matrix of cartilage |
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Term
| 60-80% of the matrix is hydrated, it is bound to proteoglycans |
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Definition
| how much water is in cartilage and where is it found? |
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Term
| the turgor pressure of the water |
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Definition
| what helps with flexibility and compressibility of cartilage |
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Term
| hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin sulfate |
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Definition
| list the proteoglycans found in cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| is hyaluronic acid sulfated? |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common glycoprotein in cartilage |
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Term
| the amount of elastic fibers embedded in the matrix |
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Definition
| what distinguishes the different types of cartilage? |
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Term
sharks and rays don't get tumors, and chondronectin has antitumor properties
-also cartilage has no blood supply making it hard for tumors to grow |
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Definition
| why is chondronectin important in cartilage research? |
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Term
| articular surfaces, growth plates, nasal septum, costal cartilage(ribs), and trachial and bronchial rings |
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Definition
| where is hyaline cartilage found |
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Term
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Definition
| what type of cartilage is a bone precursor in most of the skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by small aggregates of chondrocytes in amorphous matrix of ground substance re-enforced with type 2 collagen fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by small aggregates of chondrocytes in amorphous matrix of ground substance re-enforced with type 2 collagen fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of alternating layers of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| this type of cartilage lacks perichondrium, is found in intervertebral discs and some articular areas |
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Term
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Definition
| what type of collagen is in fibrocartilage |
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Term
| knee, mandible, shoulder, sternum-ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, pubic symphysis |
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Definition
| where is fibrocartilage found? |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to hyaline cartilage but has a LOT more elastic fibers |
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Term
| external ear, auditory and Eustacian canals, eppiglotis, and larynx |
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Definition
| where is elastic cartilage found |
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Term
| dense connective tissue(fibrosis) |
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Definition
| what results(irreversibly) when cartilage repairs itself |
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Term
| death of chondrocytes and formation of bone to replace it |
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Definition
| when cartilage is repaired it becomes invaded with blood vessels, what does this result in? |
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Term
| it calcifies via depostition of calcium phosphate crystals which is eventually replaced by bone |
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Definition
| what happens to hyaline cartilage with age? |
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