Term
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Definition
| Tertiary amine, competitively binds to M Rs, among other things is used as an enuresis in kids (however alpha-agonists maybe more effective w/ fewer A/Es), NB that parasym stimulate the dilation of coronary A. & sym cholinergic N.s vasodilate the MM vasculature, these are blocked by atropine. Also note that at toxic or even normal levels this antimuscarinics cause cutaneous flushing of upper body via unknown MOA. Used as an antidote for excess Ach via indirect means and helps bring it down in the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar peripheral effects to atropine, but gr8er axn & duration on CNS, anti-motion sickness with an unusual effect of blocking short-term memory, sedation but at higher conc. -> excitement, used in Tx of iridocyclitis (via mydriasis & cycloplegia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine, used to Tx asthma and COPD for pts that cant take adrenergic agonists |
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Term
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Definition
| Better then Ipratropium as a bronchodilator for COPD but not FDA for asthma |
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Term
| Homatropine, Cyclopentolate, Tropicamide |
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Definition
| Mydriasis and cycloplegia, prefered over atropine as its shorter acting |
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Term
| Benztropine & Trihexyphenidyl |
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Definition
| Tertiary amine that enters the CNS to Tx parkinsonism & extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotic Rxs |
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Term
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Definition
| Quaternary ammonium, taken orally to prevent GI motility but taken parenterally to prevent bradycardia during surgery |
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Definition
| Tertiary amine used in overactive bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Only one available in USA, used to Tx moderate to severe essential hypertension & uncomplicated cases of malignant hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| Along w/ mecamylamine is the only other ganglion blocker in use in the world |
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Term
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Definition
| Quaternary ammonium, was developed to replace TEA which had a shorter T 1/2, came out as the first Rx to Tx hypertension, minimum Nm or M R activity, not used anymore (NB that Decamethonium "C10" an analog of hexamethonium is an Nm depolarizing blocking agent) |
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Term
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Definition
| Competitive antagonist (non-depolarising), are used in conjunction w/ anaesthetics (less of it is needed now thus safer to use), overcome via AceEIs such as neostigmine or edrophonium complimented w/ atropine so that u dont have unwanted muscarinic Rs activated nah!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| Depolarizing blocker -> flaccid paralysis, not easily broken down, given IV contineously (cause rapidly broken down by plasma cholinesterase), short acting, blocks ganglion at high conc., has a weak histamine-release axn, used when u need to do a rapid endotracheal intubation or ECT, A/Es: malignant hyperthermia (AD) of MM cause of stimulus-elicited excessive release of Ca2+ from SR (MCC of halogenated anesthetic related death when given w/ this Rx - Tx w/ DANTROLENE which blocks release -> reduction of heat and relaxes muscle tone) |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks the high-affinity transporter for choline and thus prevents Ach syn, only used as a research tool |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks Ach-H+ antiporter used by vesicles, used only as a research tool |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein produced by Clostridium botulinum, potent neurotoxin that degrades synaptobrevin, thus injected in pts muscle that suffer from torticollis, achalasia, strabismus, blepharospasm, & other focal dystonias |
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