Term
| What is transplantation ? |
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Definition
| Refers to engraftment of cells or tissues from one individual donor to another recipient/host |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific case of transplantation, using blood |
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Term
| What is graft rejection ? |
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Definition
| Graft is considered foreign and host's immune system tries to eliminate this "intruder" graft |
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Term
| What is responsible for graft rejection for vascularized and non-vascularized skin grafts ? |
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Definition
| Genetic differences at the MHC |
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Term
| Can MIH (minor histocompatibility proteins) induce graft rejection ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Successful organ transplantation depends on what two things ? |
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Definition
| Suitable MHC matching and life long non-specific immunosuppressive therapy |
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Term
| Grafts are classified according to ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Grafts b/w identical twins |
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Term
| Skin graft in the same individual is an example of what type of graft ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Grafts b/w members of the same species ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Grafts across species are called ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two grafts do not require immunosuppression ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a graft b/w members of the same species called ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Graft survival is a function of what two things ? |
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Definition
| Degree of genetic similarity b/w individuals and immunosuppressive trt used |
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Term
| 3 advantages to xenograft transplantation ? |
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Definition
1) Relatively unlimited supply of organs
2) Genetic and pathogen-controlled source of material
3) Ability to plan for transp. so that recipient's health is optimal prior to surgery |
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Term
| What causes hyperacute rejection ? |
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Definition
Occurs in minutes to hours post-transp.
Due to preformed Abs to donor antigens |
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Term
| Trt for hyperacute rejection ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperacute rejection is associated with what immunological processes ? |
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Definition
Complement activation
Stimulation of the coagulation cascade
Thrombosis
Rapid graft failure |
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Term
| What is acute rejection ? |
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Definition
Most common type of allograft rejection
Occurs in weeks post-transp.
Due to recognition and activation of naive T cells
Trt is increasing dose of immunosuppressive agents |
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Term
| Trt for acute rejection ? |
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Definition
| Trt is increasing dose of immunosuppressive agents |
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Term
| What is second set rejection ? |
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Definition
| B/c memory T cells are generated as a result of engraftment, rejection of a second graft from the same donor results in accelerated rejection |
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Term
| What is chronic rejection ? |
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Definition
Rejection occurring weeks/months/years following transp.
Is correlated with release of non-specific "growth-factor"-like mediators (ex: fibroblast growth factor, endothelial growth factor)
Less amenable for trt |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 gene products of class 1 MHC gene loci are ? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 gene products of class 1 MHC gene loci are ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Genetic differences at any HLA locus contribute to ? |
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Definition
| The immunological rejection of a graft |
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Term
| MiH (Minor Histocompatibility Loci) encode proteins that serve what ? |
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Definition
| Unknown function in a tissue |
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Term
| What matching is the ideal scenario for clinical transplantation ? |
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Definition
| Total histocompatibility matching (0/6 haplotype mismatches) |
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Term
| 3 methods for tissue typing to measure histocompatibility b/w donor and recipient are what ? |
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Definition
Serological
Mixed lymphocyte rxns
Molecular techniques |
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Term
| What leads to the most vigorous rejection of grafts ? |
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Definition
| Genetic differences at the class 2 MHC loci b/w the donor and recipient |
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Term
| What cytokine stimulates monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cytokine is a growth and differentiation factor for CD8+ pCTL cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cytokine stimulates the differentiation of CD4+ T cells to Type 1 secreting cells that also secrete IFNgamma ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecules slow down circulating leukocytes, causing them to roll on the endothelium present at the site of inflammation ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecules induce strong adhesion b/w the leukocyte and the vascular endothelium ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzymes disrupt the integrity of the basement membrane resulting in extravasation of leukocytes from the circulation into the graft bed ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Preformed ABs to allografts exist in what two groups of people ? |
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Definition
Multiparous women
In individuals who have rejected a first organ draft |
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Term
| The predominant xenoantibody reactivity is one directed against the what linkage of porcine carbohydrate antigens ? |
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Definition
| alpha 1,3 galactosyl linkage |
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Term
| What transplants occur in immunologically priveleged sites and survive w/o immunosuppressive drugs ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one problem with heart transplants ? |
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Definition
| High incidence of atherosclerotic disease in recipients (including within the donor heart) |
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Term
| Liver transplants are resistant to rejection when ? |
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Definition
| When any early acute rejection episodes pass |
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Term
| Is immune rejection a problem in bone transplants ? |
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Definition
| No, because bone grafts are avascular |
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Term
| Bone marrow transplants are used to treat what 3 things ? |
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Definition
Anemias
Leukemias
Lymphomas |
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Term
| Graft versus host disease is a problem in what types of transplants ? |
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Definition
Bone marrow transplants
Intestine transplants
Liver transplants |
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Term
| What happens in graft versus host disease ? |
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Definition
| Donor T cells present in the graft initiate rejection of all host tissue |
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Term
| Symptoms of graft versus host disease ? |
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Definition
| Skin sloughing, diarrhea, inflammation of the lungs, liver, and kidneys |
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