Term
| Which disease has NO rheumatoid factor ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which disease is "Autoimmune like" ? |
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Definition
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Term
| T cell tolerance induction results from ? |
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Definition
| Negative selection in the thymus |
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Term
| In B cells, tolerance induction occurs at the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tolerance induction of B cells leads to what two things ? |
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Definition
| Clonal anergy or apoptosis |
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Term
| Central tolerance of T and B cells occurs where ? |
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Definition
| During maturation in thymus and bone marrow |
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Term
| Peripheral mechanisms for tolerance induction include what 5 things ? |
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Definition
1) Deletion
2) Suppression by T cells
3) Lack of T-cell help for B-cell activation
4) Absence of appropriate MHC molecules for antigen presentation
5) Absence of co-stimulatory molecules like CD28 on T cells |
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Term
| Autoimmunity, following loss of self-tolerance can occur in what 5 ways ? |
|
Definition
1) Genetic defects leading to defects in lymphocyte regulation
2) Loss of apoptotic stimuli
3) Antigen related mechanisms
4) Hormonal influences
5) Superantigen related mechanisms |
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Term
| Loss of self-tolerance via antigen-related mechanisms can happen in what two ways ? |
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Definition
1) Molecular mimicry / cross reactivity with a microbial epitope
2) Release of previously sequestered antigens |
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Term
| Loss of self tolerance caused by molecular mimicry occurs why ? |
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Definition
| Because host tissues share an antigenic epitope identical with an infecting virus or bacteria |
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Term
| Can loss of self-tolerance occur if immune system comes in contact with previously sequestered antigen ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Immunopathology of autoimmune disorders generally reflects what two things ? |
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Definition
| Presence of autoreactive antibodies or activation of T cells secreting Type 1 cytokines, which activates phagocytes |
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Term
| When autoreactive antibodies are specific for soluble antigens, what is formed in serum ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Autoreactive Abs to intrinsic factor (IF) block its binding to what ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Abs that block the vitamin B12 binding site of intrinsic factor cause what ? |
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Definition
| Pernicious anemia, b/c the individual is unable to absorb vitamin B12 |
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Term
| Pernicious anemia can be caused by destruction of what cells ? |
|
Definition
| Destruction of gastric parietal cells that secrete intrinsic factor |
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Term
| List two autoimmune disorders of T cell etiology or cell mediated ? |
|
Definition
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Multiple Sclerosis |
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Term
| What contributes to inflammation and tissue damage seen in Hashimoto's Tyroiditis ? |
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Definition
| Unregulated Type 1 cytokine secretion |
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Term
| 3 types of immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases ? |
|
Definition
1) Non-specific immunosuppression
2) Specific immunosuppression
3) Cytokine modulation |
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|
Term
| List some non-specific anti-inflammatory agents ? |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS, prednisone, methotrexate, and imuran |
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|
Term
| How do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs mediate their effects ? |
|
Definition
| Through inhibition of products (prostaglandins or leukotrienes) of the arachidonic acid pathway |
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Term
| 4 examples of T-cell specific agents ? |
|
Definition
Cyclosporine
Abs to CD3
Abs to IL-2R
Abs to the TCR beta chain variable segments
These T cell specific agents inhibit the CD4+ T cell population so that IL-2 is not transcribed or secreted |
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|
Term
| Pathology associated with MS and Hashimoto's Throiditis often results from what ? |
|
Definition
| Unregulated production of Type 1 cytokines |
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Term
| If pathology is due cytokine secretion by Th1 cells, then you can give what as trt ? |
|
Definition
| Type 2 cytokines (IL-4, TGF-B, and IL-13) |
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|
Term
| Oral feeding of antigen promotes "tolerance" to what diseases ? |
|
Definition
| Diseases associated with Type 1 cytokines |
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Term
| Anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal proteins are seen in what disorder ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Anti MBP + CNS oligoclonal Abs are found in what disease ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Anti-GMB Abs (Glomerular basement membrane) are found in what disease ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What disease has blocking Abs which bind and destroy parietal cells ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Does Graves' disease have a stimulating Ab ? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Anti-Ach Abs are found in what disease ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What Abs are found in Cold Agglutinin disease ? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What disease can lead to megaloblastic anemia ? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What Abs found in Grave's disease ? |
|
Definition
| Anti-TSH Abs (Thyroxin Stimulating Hormone) |
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|
Term
| Males are 9 times more likely to get this autoimmune disease ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Prior infection to Klebsiella Pneumoniae has been found in what autoimmune disease ? |
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Definition
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Term
| This autoimmune disease only occurs at temp below 37 degrees celsius and affects only the extremities when exposed to cold temps ? |
|
Definition
Cold Agglutinin Disease
Has Anti-Ii (Glycophorin) Abs |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Anti-DS-DNA, anti-leukocyte, and anti-phospholipid Abs are found in what autoimmune disease ? |
|
Definition
| SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) |
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|
Term
| Which autoimmune disease has primary pathology due to cell mediated and immune complexes ? |
|
Definition
RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
See excessive Type 1 cytokines |
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|
Term
| Which autoimmune disease is specific to brain and spinal cord and has Abs to MBP ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which autoimmune disease is 50 times more likely to be seen in females than males ? |
|
Definition
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Manifests as goiter and/or hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
| Which autoimmune disease is 4 times more likely to be seen in males and has two peaks, in young and elderly ? |
|
Definition
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