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| Where are the sister chromatids at the start of meiosis? |
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| During which phase of meiosis I do spindle fibers form? |
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| During what phase of Meiosis I do homologous pairs of chromosomes separate? |
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| At the end of Telophase I are daughter cells diploid or haploid? |
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| Do chromosomes replicate at the beginning of Meiosis I, Meiosis II, or both? |
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| there are no replications in meiosis |
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| What occurs during Meiosis II? |
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| sister chromatids are separated and 4 cells are created |
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| What is crossing over and when does it occur? |
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| What are genes and where are they located? |
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| The basic biological unit of heredity. A segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) needed to contribute to a function located on the chromosomes. |
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| Why is the number of fully-matured eggs a woman can produce in a lifetime so much smaller than the number of oocytes she is born with? |
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| some of the potential sex cells are damaged by the aging process |
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| What other factor might influence the likelihood of a woman over 40 bearing a child with genetic defects? |
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| age of egg and environmental influences |
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| Which is a more important factor in male fertility, age of sperm or sperm count? |
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sperm count
sperm is continuously produced so the age of all sperm is approximately the same |
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| Mitosis occurs in ____________. |
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| prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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| Meiosis occurs in _______. |
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| Both meiosis and mitosis occur in _____. |
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| How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis? mitosis? |
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| Are the daughter cells genetically identical to each other and the parent cells in mitosis? meiosis? |
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| What are the reproductive cells produced by meiosis called? |
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| How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction? |
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| doesn't require two parents |
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| Is meiosis involved in sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, or both? |
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| How many chromsomes will an organism have in its body cells if its gametes contain the following number of chromsomes? a)2___ b)10___ c)25___ |
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| Oocytes present at sexual maturity |
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| Rate of completed egg meiosis in females |
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| Number of fully-matured egg cells needed for reproductive capacity |
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| Number of fully matured eggs a female can produce in a lifetime |
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| Sperm cells present at birth |
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| Sperm cells usually present after sexual maturity(per mL semen) |
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| Rate of sperm production in males |
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| continuous production, millions per day |
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| Number of sperm cells needed for reproductive capacity(per mL of semen) |
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| Percent of normal sperm cells in semen needed for fertilization |
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| the body of the parent divides by mitosis into two approximately equal parts |
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| the nucleus divides repeatedly before division of the cytoplasm, giving rise to many daughter cells at one time |
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| an unequal division of the organism, the new individual coming from an outgrowth from the parent |
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| the formation of a new individual from a clump of cells surrounded by a resistent capsule, called a gemmule |
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| a multicellular animal breaks into two or more parts, with each fragment capable of being a complete individual |
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male - testis
female - ovaries |
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| the common method of sexual reproduction involving separate male and female individuals |
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| the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg |
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| animals with both male and female organs; referred to as being monoecious |
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| when a piece of a chromosome break off so the info on that piece is lost |
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| when a piece of a chromosome breaks off from a chromosome and reattaches itself to the chromosome in the reverse orientation |
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| when a replicated chromosome oair fails to separate during cell division; this causes one daughter cell to have an extra chromosome and another to be short |
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| when a piece of a chromosome breaks from a chromosome and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome |
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| one less chromosome than normal |
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| 3 chromosomes; one more chromosome than normal |
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