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| 18th century intellectual who named the pop.growth threatened future generations b/c he thought population growth would outstrip agricultural production. |
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| Mastermind of the 911 attacks - Deceased |
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| Head of the soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 his liberalization effort improved relations with the west but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of the communist goverment in Eastern Europe. |
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Definition
| Communist Party leader who forced Chinese reforms after the death of Mao Zedong |
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| President of Iraq from 1979 until overthrown by an American-led invasion in 2003. Waged War on Iran from 1980 to 1988. His invasion of Kuwait was repulsed in the Persian Gulf War. |
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Definition
| A pop[ular leader during the mexcican revolution assasinated in 1923. |
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| Ayatiollah Ruhoollah Khomenini |
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Definition
| Shiite philospher and cleria who led the overthow who led the the over throw of the shaow of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic republic. |
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Definition
| Socialist politician elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by the military in 1973. He died during the military attack. |
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Definition
| First African elected to the French Nation Assembly. Sengalse political leader. |
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Definition
| Dictator of Brasil from 1930- 1945 / 1951-1954 .. Overthrew gvmt and created a "New State". A dictatorship that emphasized industrializationa nd helped urban Poor. |
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Definition
| Revolutionary leader of pesants in the mexican revolution. He mobilizedf landless pesants; in south central mexico in an attempt to sieze and divide the land of the wealthy land owners. Asassinated. |
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Definition
| Leader of the Inidian Independance movement an advocate of non-violent resistance after being educated as a lawyer in england. |
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Definition
| Leader of the Chinese Communist Party. 1927-1976 , led the communists on the long march and rebuilt the communist party and Red Army during the Japanese occupation of China. Uhm, after WW2 he led the Communist vistory over the Gumindong. Order the cultural revolution. |
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| Emperopr of Etheopia and symbol of African Independance. Fought Italian evasion in 1935, regained throne in WW2. He ruled a traditional Autocracy. |
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Definition
| 1870-1924 leader of the Bolshevik. (later communist party) in exile in Switzerland until 1917. |
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Definition
| American nurse and author pioneer in movement for family planning. established birth control. |
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Definition
| Argentine politician, president of Argentina from 1916 to 1922 and 1928 to 1930. The first president elected by universal male suffrage, he began his presidency as a reformer byt late became conservative. |
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Definition
| Indian Statesman. He succeeded Mohandad K Gandhi asa leader of the Indian Nation Congress |
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Definition
| president of argentina. championed the rights of labor. elected in 1946. hurt economy, but the poor loved him. |
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Definition
| leader of Egyptian modernization in the early 19th century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governer, but had imperial ambitions. |
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Definition
two attacks on Greece, 546-323 BC
Delion League floowed as reaction; controlled polis |
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Term
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Definition
| Socrates, Alexander, Ptolomy, Archimedes |
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Term
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Definition
Athens vs. Sparta - Sparta won
Alexander the Great gained power
Helenistic power came around |
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Term
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Definition
Powers in Roman Senate
patron/client relationships
expansion through Italy & Mediterranean
failure through all land being
take away from pesants |
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Definition
followed Caesar
Urban Empire
Christianity grew |
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Term
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Definition
235-284 BC
political, military, economic issues
almost destroyed Rome
reformed by Diocletian then Constantine |
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Term
| Byzantine Empire & Germans |
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Definition
Eastern realm of Rome
Christian
Greek speaking
West came under German rule |
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Term
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Definition
Successor of Qin 206BC-220CE
attacks on boundaries brought about decline |
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Term
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Definition
Same: defended bug boarders, government demanded high tax, patriarchal, agricultural, local officials, modeled after capital
Different: China-ephass as group, Rome- emphasis on individuals, Rome-more opportunists, Christian vs. Buddhism |
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Definition
1500-500BC
based on religious texts
pre-India
Aryas & Dasa mingled
Varna (class) based on skin color |
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Definition
After 700 BC
reaction against castes
India
Buddha= Siddhartha Guatama |
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Term
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Definition
envolved from Vedic religions
incorporated Arya & Dravidian
many Gods part of one force |
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Term
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Definition
324-184 BC
North India (1st cetralized empire)
incorporated many groups |
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Term
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Definition
320-550 CE
took over Mauryan legacy
North India
monopolies
not as centralized
*theater-state* |
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Term
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Definition
3 Geological Zone:
-Indochina
-Malay Peninsula
-Islands
Malay people- dominant
Funan- major center |
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Term
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Definition
trade route linking Medditerranean with China
China vis Mesopotamia, Iran, Central Asia
began 100 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Northeast Iran 247 BC
originally from Caspian Sea area |
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Term
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Definition
224-600 Iran
came after Parthian Empire
new crops
Zoroastianism & Christianity
vs. Byzantines |
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Term
| Indian Ocean Maritime System |
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Definition
across Indian Ocean & South China Sea
linked East Africa, South Arabia, Persian, Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, South China
-Eastcoast of India to islans of Southeast Asia
-South China Sea
-West Coast of India to Persian Gulf & East Coast Africa |
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Term
| Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes |
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Definition
expanded over time started
300 BCE
slave trade |
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Term
| great vs. small traditions |
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Definition
great- written language, legal, beliefs, ethical codes, intellectual
small- local customs |
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Definition
late blooming caravan city
Arabian Peninsula
contains Ka'ba |
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Definition
community defined bu being Muslim
caliph ruled Umma |
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Definition
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Definition
began under 2nd Caliph
defeated parts of Byzantine Empire
expanded rapidly |
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Definition
Turkic slaves that fought for the Caliphatic
made up a huge portion of fighting force |
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Definition
first in Europe to bear the title "emperor" in 300 yrs.
King of the Franks |
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Definition
emerging kingdom
shaped by Christian Church & Byzantine Emperors |
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Definition
| Rift between Latin Church & Orthodox |
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Definition
600-1000
Chrlamange
Vikings attacked
Feudalism |
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Term
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Definition
papacy become more powerful
pope entire power
Holy Roman Empire
investiture controversy
pope vs. nobles |
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Definition
religiously inspired Christian military campaigns against Muslims
4 major one
more goods from East consumed
adopted trends of Byzantine & Islam
used to break up fights between fuedal |
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Term
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Definition
618-755
Succeeded Sui
political use of Buddhism
grand canal-Chang'an
tributary system
independent countries aknowledged emperor |
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Definition
Turkic group
taken much of inner Asia
Caravan cities
collapsed to Tibet |
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Definition
effected by Buddhism, India, math, astronomy, divination, farming, grain
found in Central Asia
exelled at war |
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Definition
premodern state closest to industrial rev
came after Tang
advanced
junk-ships
gunpowder
neo confucionism
movable type |
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Term
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Definition
little agri land
officers-noble families
confucian texts
woodblock printing |
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Definition
Gov. offices went to noble families
went on confucian texts
Buddhist studies
emperor
shogunate |
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Definition
Confucian interest in herarchy
rice based agri
bureaucratic training |
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Definition
NE modern Mexico City
height of power- 600 Ce
Chinampas-floating gardens
religious- polythesian architecture
unknown decline |
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Definition
never politically unfied
swidden agriculture
smaller dependent cities
3 layered cosmos "tree" calendar
environ degredation-war-DOOM |
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Definition
| Empire created in china by Kublai Khan (a mongolian) |
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Definition
| Heir to the technique of historia - 'investigation' developed by the Greeks in the late archaic period.. Originator of traditional historical writing |
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Definition
| Originating in Asia this was responsible for the death of 1/3 of Europe. What year did it strike? |
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Definition
| Name two types of ancient writing techniques... |
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Definition
| Name the two branches or sects of Islam |
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Definition
| Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa |
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Definition
| The founder of Daoism/ What is the symbol of Daoism |
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Definition
| Ship route cut across the isthmus of panama by the United States Army Corps. of Engineers; it opened in 1915 and greatly shorterned the sea voyage |
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Definition
| Botched French military fortification (WW2) - Led to their swift defeat |
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Definition
| A political movement that is characterized by extreme nationalism, one party rule, and the denial of personal rights - A personality cult |
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Definition
| translated 'city-state' consisted of an urban center and rural area that it controlled |
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Definition
| A grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service (middle ages) |
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Definition
| Name of the eastern Roman Empire, after the seventh century - (place) |
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Definition
| The switch from food gathering to food production; includes domestication of plants and animals. |
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Definition
| Rule of the Babylonian empire; single uniform code of laws / one of the earliest law codes / an eye-for-an-eye |
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Definition
| African rivals of the anicent Egyptians/ Kingdom of Kush/ Their language has yet to be decrypted |
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Term
| Aparthied / Nelson Mandella |
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Definition
| Term used to describe extreme racial segregation in South Africa/ and who ended it? |
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Term
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Definition
| Arab Prince leader of Arab Revolt in WWI - British made him king of Iraq 1921-1933 |
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Definition
| Was the most influential early Mesoamerican civilization - Flourishing between 1200 and 400 B.C.E. |
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Definition
| The idea that government should refrain from interfeering in economic affiars (political philosophy) |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of political relationship dating from the Han times by which independent countries acknowledge the Chinese Emperor's supermacy |
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Term
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Definition
| Did the Mongols have a religion? |
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Term
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Definition
| This man's assassination was one of the main causes of WWI. |
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Term
| Militarism, Nationalism, Imperialism, Secret Alliances, Assassination of Franz Ferdinand |
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Definition
| List the five main causes of WWI |
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Term
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Definition
| aristocratic leader who guided the Athenians state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens, supervised construction of Acroppolis, and pursued a policy of imperial expansion that led to peloponnesian War |
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Definition
| privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation |
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Term
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Definition
| Early-16-Century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru |
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Definition
| Agricultural and trading people of Central sudan in West Africa |
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Term
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Definition
| people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa |
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Term
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Definition
| Slave who ran away from his or her master. Often in community of runaway slaves in West Indies and South America |
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Definition
| in West Indian colonies, rich men who owned most of slaves and land, especially in 18th century. |
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Definition
| members of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in peru in 1780-1781, was captured and executed with his wife and other family members. |
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Term
Coureurs des bois
(Runners of the woods) |
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Definition
| French fur traders, many of mixed American Indian heritage, who lived among and married with American Indian people of North America |
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Definition
| English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth. Founded Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629. |
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Definition
| group of english Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands |
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Term
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Definition
| migrant to British colonies in americas who paid passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven years |
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Term
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Definition
| term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent |
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Term
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Definition
| term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed American Indian and European descent. |
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Term
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Definition
| in colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in New world. Used to describe Non-native peoples. |
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Definition
| (1474-1566) 1st bishop of Chiapas, in south. Mexico devoted most of life to protecting American Indian people from exploration. Major achievement was the New laws of 1542, which limited the ability of the Spanish settlers to compel American Indians to labor for them. |
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Definition
| powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman Emperors, founded the Austrian Empire, and ruled 16th and 17th century Spain. |
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Term
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Definition
| class of landholding families in England below the aristocracy |
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Term
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Definition
| in early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1502?-1533) last ruling Inca emperor of peru. Executed by the Spanish |
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Term
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Definition
| term used to describe someone who seized and held power in violation of the normal procedures and traditions of the community. |
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Term
| Suleim an the Magnificent |
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Definition
| (1494-1566) most illustrious Sultan of Ottoman Empire (ruled 1520-1566); also known as Suleiman Kanuni, "The Lawgiver",. Significantly expanded empire in Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1475?-1541) Spanish explorer wholed the conquest of Inca Empire of Peru in 1531-1533. |
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Term
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Definition
| ((1466?-1520) last Aztec emperor, overthrown by the Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortes. |
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Term
| Carthage's Commercial Empire |
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Definition
| Carthage was one of the largest cities in the world by 500 B.C.E, that stretched between Byrsa, the original hilltop citadel of the community, and a double harbor |
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Term
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Definition
| Chinese-speaking empire,came into being in 960 in central china |
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Term
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Definition
Israel is a crossroads, linking Anatolia, Egypt, Arabia, and Mesopotamia
Israel is an importance in history out of all proportion to its size.
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Term
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Definition
The land of Aryans
links western Asia and southern and central Asia |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek enemy of 5th and 4th century B.C.E. |
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Term
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Definition
| was situated near to the westernmost branch of the nile |
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Term
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Definition
| possessed an unusually large and populous territory |
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Term
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Definition
relatively resource-poor region
large ecological zone tht encompasses the Mediterranean Sean and the lands surrounding it |
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Term
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Definition
| followed a typical path of development, participating in trade and fostening the arts |
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Term
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Definition
a land of mountain, particularly in the east and north
was largely covered by forest until modern times |
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Term
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Definition
1200-400 B.C.
Mesoamerica
heads, plytheistic |
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Term
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Definition
900-250 B.C.
Meso america
urban center, llamas, pottery
metallurgy |
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Term
| Major Western Asian states |
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Definition
Babylonia(South)
Assyria(North)
Hammurabi made it grow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| because of the agricultural revolution, surpluses rose, the control of these surpluses resulted in the development of economies |
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Term
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Definition
record keeping of surpluses;
resulted in writing; cunelform |
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Term
|
Definition
began using bronze rather than copper and stone
-weapons
-tools
started=3000 B.C. |
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Term
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Definition
| includes Mediterranean and Mesopotamia; where farming ect, started |
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Term
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Definition
| independent and surrounding area's |
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Term
|
Definition
-advanced cities
-specialization
-complex institution (priest/rules)
-record keeping (cunelform)
-improved tech
found in fertilleCrescent |
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Term
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Definition
belief in more that 1 god
common in ancient cities and cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed egypt to grow;irrigation |
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Term
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Definition
1750-1027 B.C.
China
divination; worshipped ancestors |
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Term
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Definition
1027-221 B.C.
mandate of heaven
-son of heaven
Confucius, Daoism |
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Term
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Definition
early dominated egypt
center of Mero
Kingdom of Kush |
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Term
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Definition
| ruled Babylonian empire;single uniform code of laws |
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Term
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Definition
| translated "city-state" consisted of a urban center and the rival territory that it controlled. |
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Term
Mesopotamia 8000-1500 B.C.E.
Politics |
|
Definition
-city-states- self governing urban centers
-Head priests had political power
-Lugals (Big men) began arising and gaining power.
-Akkadian State-2350-2230 B.C.E., Sargon united many cities under his rule
-Third Dynasty of Ur-2112-2009 B.C.E., 5 King dynasty
-Semitic Amorites -1900-1600 B.C.E, Hammurabi Law code |
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Term
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Definition
| insistence on the acceptance of Russian culture by its various ethnic groups |
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Term
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Definition
| an intense pride in one's nation and its people |
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Term
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Definition
| Anskrit name for name for the British government in India. |
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Term
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Definition
| group that promoted a greater role for Indians in their country's government |
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Term
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Definition
| the exertion of economic influence rather than political control over the region |
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Term
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Definition
| application of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to society to justify the conquest by European nation of some western societies. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
The Aegean World
2000-1100 B.C.E. |
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Definition
| King Minos kept a minotaur (half man, half bull) |
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Term
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Definition
the transformation of farming that resulted in the 18th century from the spreas of new crops, improvement in cultivation tachniques and livestock breeding. |
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Term
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Definition
men and women who worked to end slavery |
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Term
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Definition
network of trading links after 1500 tat moved goods, welath, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin. |
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Term
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Definition
land of rich soil that produced wheat, beaf, and hides, gained the longest and best developed rail networks south of the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
they wre willing to try Christianity. Deeply impressed with the new religion, the royal family made Catholicism the Kingdom's official faith. |
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Term
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Definition
Aztecs suggest that some believed the Cortes was the legendary ruler, whose return to Eath had been prophesied, and treated him with great difference. |
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Term
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Definition
they cultivated maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, and hot peppers, as well as cotton and tobacco, and they met their other material needs form the sea & wild plants. |
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Term
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Definition
Born in Austria, Hitler became a radical German nationalist during WWI. Led the German Worker's Party - the Nazis - in the 1920's and became dictator of Germany in 1933. |
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Term
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Definition
| relied exclusively on foraging until recent centuries, as did some peoples on the other countries |
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Term
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Definition
| biggest camp, was a giant industrial complex designed to kill up to 12,000 people a day |
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Term
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Definition
| caavan trading, camels, practiced Christianity & various forms of Christianity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| links Western Asia and Southern and Central Asia |
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Term
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Definition
| the king was literally and symbolically the center of the Assyrian |
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Term
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Definition
| gods chose the jing, all state acitons were carried out in the name of Ashur, the chief God. Military victories were cited proof of Ashurs superiority over the gods of the conquered peoples. |
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Term
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Definition
| gov. normally didnt distinguish between native Assyrians & deportees. Worked on land; individual artisans & small workshops in the towns manufactured pottery, tools, and clothing, and most trade took place at the local level. |
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Term
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Definition
| King of Macedonia in Northern Greece, 334-323 BCE - conquered Persian Empire; made it through the Indus Valley |
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Term
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Definition
| the kingdom in the gold Coast rose up in 1874, 1896 and 1900 before it was finally overwhelmed. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1200-1263) Prince of Novgorod. Submitted to mongols in 1240 & recieved recognition as leader of Russian princes under Golden Horde. |
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Term
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Definition
| city with a large advantage in the Indian Ocean trade. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1542-1605; most illustrious sultan of Mughal Empire in India. Expanded empire & pursued policy of conciliation with Hindus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Archeologists use Anazai a navajo word meaning ancient one. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1706-1790; American intellectual, inventor, & politician. Helped negotiate French support for American Revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| recurrent swings form economic hard times to recovery & growth, then back to hard times & a repitition of the sequence. |
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Term
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Definition
| radical Marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin; seized power in 1917 |
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Term
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Definition
| Region of NE India, was the first part on India to be conquered by the British in the 18th century and remained the political and economic center of British India throughout the 19th century. |
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Term
| Byzantine Empire Religion |
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Definition
| emperors est. Christianity as official religion. Combined the imperial role with political oversight over the Christian Chruch. |
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Term
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Definition
| partitioned Africa into colonies dominated by Great Britain, France, Portugal, Spain, Germany, Belgium and Italy. |
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Term
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Definition
| embraces the popular new features, while practitioners of Theravada. Buddhism followed most of the original teachings of the founder. |
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Term
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Definition
| capital city of modern Argentina; was the 2nd important center of revolutionary acitivty in Spanish South America. |
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Term
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Definition
| between British & individual Boer republica in South Africa due to resources and territory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who renounced his welath and social position after becoming "enlightened", he enunciated the principles of Buddhism. |
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Term
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Definition
| the loyalty of the colonial elite & stimulate the local economy was maintained by the arrival of the Portugese royal family in 1808. |
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Term
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Definition
| centered on slave-based plantation & settler colonies in the America's. |
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Term
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Definition
| remained the source of superior silks; China became the sole supplier of porcelain. |
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Term
| Confucianism, Daoism, Chinese Society |
|
Definition
-Confuscism:more family oriented, but towards all humanity
-Daoism:sought to stop wafare by following the Dao or "path"
-Ying-Yang: explanation of the male/female roles in nature. |
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Term
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Definition
| religion based off Judaism, believed Jesus was the son of God, was intially unwelcome in Rome because because Christians refused to worship the emporer. |
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Term
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Definition
| capital of Han China, in Wei Valley; surounded by a wall of pounded Eath & brick 15 miles in circumference. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1451-1506; led expeditions across Atlantic re-establishing contact between people of Americas & old world & opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization. |
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Term
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Definition
| first major urban civilization in south america, became politically & economically dominant in a densely populated region that included two distinct ecological zones, the peruvian coastal plain & the Andean foothills. |
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Term
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Definition
during Zhou dynasty
minor aristocrat; western name for the Chinese philosopher Kongzi. |
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Term
|
Definition
| capital city of Venezuela; revolutionary Junta led by Creoles declared independence in1811. |
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Term
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Definition
| peoples of Russian Empire who lived outside farming vilalgesm often as herders, merchantiles, or outlaws. |
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| est. in 1652 in South Africa as a Dutch-way station. |
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| founder of the Achamenid Persian Empire, conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon; revered in the tradition of both Iran and the subject peoples, he employed Persians and Medes in his administration. |
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| Standoff U.S. nuclear warfare; communism vs. capitalism. |
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Definition
| huge greenhouse made entirely of iron and glass and large enough to enclose the tallest trees. |
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| small ship; 1/5 the size of the largest European ships of their day; able to enter shallow coastal waters and upriver, but strong enough to weather ocean storms. |
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| British entrepenuer and politician involved in expansion from south Africa to central Africa |
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| also called "floating gardens";narrow artificial islands constructed along lakeshores or in marshes. |
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| groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the west indies colonies. |
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Definition
| tradition where in a territory that had a population as large as 10,000 was ruled by a chief; a hereditary leader. |
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| the economic system of large financial institutions, banks, stock exchanges, investment companies, that first developed in early modern Europe. |
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| quick maturing rice, can allow two harvests in one growing season. |
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| trading company chartered by the Dutch gov. to conduct its merchants trade in the America's & Africa. |
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| manufacturing techinique that breaks down a craft into many simple & repetative tasks that can be performed by unskilled workers. |
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| third ruler of the Persian Empire; gave all major gov. posts to Persian rather than to te Medes; expanded Persian control in the east and west. |
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| characteristic cargo & passanger ship of the Arabian Sea. |
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| the exercise of political power by all the free adult males; wealthier members of society. |
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| strong riles used to determine the will of the gods. |
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| Elaborate display of political power & wealthier in British India in the 19th century. |
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| written records began with the Sumarians around 5000BCE; semetic languages began around 2000 BCE; mesopotamia began developing city-states |
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Definition
| split into upper and lower Egypt; Rosetta Stone unlocked mysteries. |
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Definition
| organization promoting economic unity in europe; formed in 1967 |
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| sprawling sand dunes, sandy plains, & vast expanses of exposed rock make up most of the great desert. |
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| leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain |
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| slavery aslo beca,e more prominent with eastern africa itself. |
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| nomads, superb riders, herdsmen, hunters;leader was the Khan, no official religion. |
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Definition
| mills powered by water & wind; water wheels;printing press. |
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Definition
| well-to-do Italian merchants & landowners second in status to the senatorial class |
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Term
| Early Medival Society in the West |
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Definition
| knightly guilds developed;"fuedal society"; gave land for military support. |
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Definition
| device for rapid, long distace transmission of info. over an electric wire |
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Definition
| bewtween the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea. Surrounded by the tigris and euphrates |
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Definition
| Aristocratic family that dominated the Japanese imperial court between 9th and 12th centuries. |
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Definition
| Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish Expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. |
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Definition
| grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service. |
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| Francois Dominique Toussaint L' Ouverture |
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Definition
| 173-1803; leader of Haitian revolution; freed slaves & gained independence for Haiti despite military interventions by French and British. |
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Definition
| political movemnt that is characterized by extreme nationalism, one-party rule, and the denial of individual rights. |
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Definition
| first major southeast Asian center |
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Definition
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| wide range of cults and beliefs, ancestors of Greeks brought a collection of sky-gods with them |
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| 4th century CE; grew out of the kingdom of Magadha |
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Definition
| united after a series of short, successful wars by the kingdom of Prussia against Austria in 1866. |
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Definition
| mixed farming & cattle-herding was the economical base; gold exports brought Zimbabwe to the peak of it political and economic power. |
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Definition
| title of Temujin when he rules Mongols; means "oceanic" or "universal" leader; founder on Mongol Empire |
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Definition
| used to propel clusters of flaming arrows |
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Definition
| Sumarian Gods embodied nature; Gods were imagined as anthromorphic. |
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Definition
| trading port in the Arabian Sea Network |
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Definition
| last right to own or inherit propety;barred from studying sacred texts;married at early age; |
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Definition
| class next in wealth below the aristocrats |
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Definition
| religion of hundres of millions of people in south Asia;intense devotions to the deity and the oriminence of fertility rituals and symbolism. |
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Definition
| new kind of warfare; heavily armored infantrymen who fought in close formation protected by a helmet,breastplatem and leg guards. |
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Definition
| heir to the techinique of historia-developed by Greeks in the late Archaic period;came from Greek community in Anatolia & traveled extensively. |
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Definition
| bombed by the U.S. on August 6, 1945; killing about 80,000 people and leaving 120,000 more to die. |
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Definition
| spanih explorer and conquistador wholes conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain |
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Definition
| last in series of 12 descendents of Muhammad's son-in-aw Ali, whom Shiites consider divinely appointed leaders of Muslim Community. |
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Definition
| largest of the new muslim reform movement occured, under the leadership of Usuman Dan Fodio, a muslim cleric of the Fulani. |
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Definition
| an agricultural & trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. |
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Definition
| believed ancestor maintained a interest in the fortunes of living family members.Doctrine of confucius. |
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Definition
| esentially a loose confederation of German prince who named one of their own to the highest office. |
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Definition
| lesser nobles, were Spanish merchants, artisans, miners, priests, and lawyers. |
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Definition
| people from Central Anatolia who est. an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. |
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Definition
| horses plowed faster then oxen but were delicate, so came the iron horseshoe, which protected their feet, but added to the farmers expenses. |
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Definition
| term used to describe new approaches to understanding classic confucian texts that became the basic ruling philosophy o China from song period to the 20th century. |
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Definition
| advent of bronze tools and cast iron tools; used the crossbow,water mills, horse collars, paper, etc. |
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Definition
| influences from Central Asia and Islamic world introduces lively new motifs to ceramics, painting, and silk designs. |
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Definition
| secondary or peripheral Khan based in Persia. |
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Definition
| iron tools started to be used as a substitute to bronze tools. |
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Definition
| emperor was sustained by beliefs that he was descended from the son god & by an efficient system of roads & messengers that kept him informed about major events in the empire. |
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Definition
| described as a "geographical expression"; its unification was achieved by the expansion of the kingdom of Piedmont-sardinia. |
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Term
| Indian Ocean Maritime System |
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Definition
| trade nnetwork across the Indian Ocean and South China Sea. |
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Definition
| movement & political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in gov. |
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Definition
| Hebre Bible is the fundamental collection of writtings; first temple to strength the link between religion ans authority. |
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Definition
| religion started by Muhammad; Muslims means "submission to the will of God"; leader is the Caliphate; Quran is their holy book. |
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Definition
| largest & most powerful Andean empire; controlled the Pacific Coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile form its capital Cuzco. |
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Definition
| quest for empire, war in part a result of the industrial revoultion. |
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Definition
| civilization suffered system failuire - a breakdown of the fragile interrelationships of political, social, and economic, systems that sustained order and prosperity. |
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Definition
| Moroccan Muslim scholar, most widely travleled individual of his time;writer. |
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Definition
| the transformation of the economy. |
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Definition
| the elite professional class of officials who administered the gov. of British India. |
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Term
| Inequality in Classical Greece |
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Definition
| slaves, 1/3 of the population; marriages are unequal; marriages primarily for producing children, preferably male. |
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Definition
| English industrialist whose pottery works were the first to produce fine-quality pottery by industrial methods. |
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Definition
| Mohawk leader who supported British during American Revolution. |
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Definition
| radical republicans during French Revolution, led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793-1794. |
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Definition
| Scot who invented the condenser & other improvements that made the steam engine a practical source of power for industry and transportation. |
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Definition
| ruled by various shoguns or military leaders; due to Mongol attacks, Japan secluded itself from the outside world. |
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Definition
| large flat bottom sailing ship produced for long-distance commercial travel. |
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Definition
| Bolshevik revolutinary, head of the Soviet Communist Party after 1920 & dictator of the Soviet union from 1928 to 1953. |
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Definition
| switched England from Catholic to Protestant. |
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Definition
| the first of Japan's decentralized military governments. |
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Definition
| Korean kingdom founded in 918 and destroyed by a Mogol invasion 1259. |
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Definition
| New body depended on this, from insect to an animal. |
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Definition
| political power denied from trade rather than from land. |
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Definition
| last of Mongol Great Khans and founder of Yuan Empire. |
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Definition
| knotted colored cords, used to aid administration and record population counts and tribute obligations. |
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Definition
| Qing eperor, oversaw greatest expansions of Qing Empire. |
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Term
| Life in France from 1821-1850 |
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Definition
| Adult men given voting rights, slavery abolished in France, ten hour workday was legislated,death penalty ended. |
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Definition
| in Tibetan Buddhism, a teacher. |
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Definition
| one of the founders of the Tang Empire and its second mperor; he led the expansion of the empire into central Asia. |
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Definition
| President of Mexico, distributed millions of acres to peasants. |
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Definition
| idea that the gov. should refrain from interfeering in economic affairs. |
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Definition
| civilization in the north coast of Peru; Andean civilization that made irrigation systems and urban centers made of brick. |
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Definition
| Sumerian Gods represented forces of natur; semantic gods replaces the Semerian gods but became the same things. |
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Definition
| adherent of Islam; person "submits" to will of God. |
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Definition
| U.S. expansion from Altantic to Pacific |
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Term
| Mongol Denomination in China |
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Definition
| Yuan Empire-Khubilai Khan, by law, Mogols had highest social status. |
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Definition
| nomads in northern Eurasia, after 1206 est. empire under Genghis Khan linking west and east Eurasia. |
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Definition
| when Maa Musa returned from his journey, he brought Islamic religion with him; built new mosques and opened Quaranic schools. |
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Definition
| self-sufficient farming estates that became the primary center of agricultural production. |
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Definition
| young provincial lawyer who led most radical phases of French Revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed chepaer printing of many kinds of info. books & of text materials. |
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Term
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Definition
| Few European of Creole fathers recognized their mixed offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Runaways in the Carribean |
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Definition
| individual pursuit of insight into nature and oneself, and the universe through physical and mental discipline, special dietary practices, and medetation. |
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Term
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Definition
| was Spain's wealthiest and most populous colony in 1810; capital - Mexico City |
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Definition
| Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never united into a single empire. |
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Definition
| founded by Zhu Yuanzag; moved capital to Nanjing |
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Definition
| federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded Qing Empire. |
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Definition
| rotational labour draft that organized on larger scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| military force fought to secure captives rather than territory. Battle scenes and torture and sacrifice of captives. |
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Term
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Definition
| featured prominently in the religious lfe of almost all mediveal Christian lands.Those who lived by these rules became regular clergy, in contrast to secular clergy, pritests who lived in souety instead of seclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals of mixed European and African descent, came to occupy intermediate postitions mestizos in mesopotamia and the Andean region. |
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Definition
| the part of the Atlantic circut involving the trasportation of enslaved Africans across Atlantic to the Americas. |
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Definition
| European gov. policies of the 16th,17th and 18th centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies to trade only with their motherland country. |
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Definition
| a grant of legal freedom to an individual slave. |
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Definition
| the application of machinery to manufacturing and other countries. |
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Definition
| the manufacture of many indentical products by the division of labor into many small repetitive tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gods represented nature: Anu=sky Enlil=Air Enki=water Utu=sun, Nanna=moon. Gds were anthropomorphic. Each city had a temple for the gods. Amulets were thought to protect the bearer from evil |
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Definition
| Persian mathematician and cosmologist whose academy near Tabriz provided the model for movement of the planets that jelped to inspir copernican model of solar system. |
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Definition
| Women could own land, a women sometimes administered her husbands estates when he was away at war. |
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Term
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Definition
"new stone age"; agricultural revolutions; new specialized tools; populations grew.
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Definition
| they had city-states (self-governing center & agriultural territories it controlled). |
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Definition
| overthrew French directory in 1799 and became emperor of French in 1804. Failed to beat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Died in exile. |
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Definition
| depended on the success of French arms and French dipolmacy. |
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Definition
| made tradition from seminomadic hunting and gathering to a settles life based on grain agriculture and culture hearding. |
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Term
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Definition
| members from middle class were Jacobins, there were "Girondist" modem Jacobins and the radicals called "the mountain" cause their seats were on the highest level. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mesopotamian law code. Penalties depended on social classes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Egyptian life focused on the Nile. Travel, communication, and agriculture depended on the Nile. Papyrus reed that grew near the nile were used as paper |
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Term
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Definition
| ideas were to become so important in chinese though. In the era of the early emperors, confucianism became the dominant political philosophy and the core of the educational system. |
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Term
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Definition
| avoid violence if at all possible and take minimal action necessary for a task. Daoists believe all that matters is the individuals fundamental understanding of the "path" |
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Term
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Definition
| six cataracts, barriers formed by large bolders and rapids, obstructed boat traffic. Commerce and travel were achieved by boats operating between the cataracts and by caravan tracks alongside the river or accross the desert. |
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Term
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Definition
900-250 B.C. Mesoamerica
Urban center
llamas
pottery, metlallurgy |
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Term
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Definition
| British-American explorer of Africa, famous for his expeditions in search of Dr. David livingstone. Stanley helped King Leopold II establish the Congo free State. |
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Definition
| One of the leader of the Meiji Restoration |
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Term
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Definition
| Became the name for eastern part of the previous roman empire |
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Term
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Definition
modern Italy
Roman repulic lasted from 507-31 B.C.E.
maintained pax deorum "peace of the gods"
Urban empire |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of four main islands and many smaller ones stretching in an arc from as far south as georgia to as far north as maine |
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Term
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Definition
| Coastal regions east of the mountainous spine of mainland South East Asia |
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Term
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Definition
longest city in the Americas
100 C.E. |
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Term
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Definition
| civilization was culmination of several centuries of growth involving several different languages |
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Term
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Definition
| originally a satellic population that that tcotimacan had placed on northern frontier. |
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Term
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Definition
| among the northern peoples who pushed into cenral Mexico in the wake of the corps of Tula. |
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Term
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Definition
| in Andeon Highlands, in the high treeless plain by lake titticaca |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Near the modern peruvian city of Ayacucno |
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Term
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Definition
Asia + Kipchak
army in 1223 started at a unified state |
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Term
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Definition
| Mongos conqured Northern china in the 1230's |
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Term
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Definition
| all major states were affected by conrontation |
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Term
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Definition
| Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire |
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Term
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Definition
| Aristocratic family that dominated Japanese imperial court between 9th and 12th centuries |
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Term
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Definition
| group of turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and central Asia. |
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Term
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Definition
| in medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord |
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Term
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Definition
| King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Established the carolingian Empire, through military conquests encompassing all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. |
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Term
| Origins of Contact and Trade |
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Definition
| by 2000 BCE Sumerian record indicate regualr trade between Mesopotamia, Island of Perisna Gulf, Oman and the Indus Valley. |
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Term
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Definition
| Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatola; After fall of Byzantine EMpire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Instanbul |
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Term
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Definition
| ship canal cut acrosss the Isthmus of Panama by United State Army engineerl opened in 1915. Shortened sea voyage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Egyptian Ruler; burried in pyramids; central figure in the ancient Egyptian state. |
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Term
| Plant and Animal Domestication |
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Definition
| they domesticated cattle and wolves, as well as wheat, maize and barely as crops. |
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Term
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Definition
| pope can be judged by noone |
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Term
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Definition
| pilgrims traveled under royal protection, few being tramps, thieves, beggers, peddlers and merchants finding a safe way to travel. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st flowering of Greeks in the Mycenaen civilization was largely an adpation of imported institutions;consisted of an urban center and the rural territory that it controlled. |
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Term
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Definition
| struggle for survival between Athenian and Spartan alliance systems. |
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Term
| Phoenicia and the Mediterranean |
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Definition
| city states; Mesopotamia deities; |
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Term
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Definition
| first stone age; made up of foraging (hunting and gathering) |
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Term
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Definition
| SE Asians ritualized the eating of pork; Egyptians prohibited the eating of pork cause it was associated with the evil god set; people in Iran used pig figurines as religious offering. |
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Term
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Definition
| Romans lost controlof the office of the Pope and it became a more powerful international office after the tenth centry. |
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Term
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Definition
| bombed by Japanese on Dec. 7, 1941; sinking or damaging scores of warships. |
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Term
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Definition
| govenor who was like to be realted or connected by marriage to the royal family; duty was to collect and send tribute to the king. |
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Term
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Definition
| people who wished to "purify" the church of England, not break with it. Wanted to abolish its hierarchy of bishops and priests, free it from governmental interference and limit membership to people who share their beliefs. |
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