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| Journal of the american medical association |
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| jenner edward ( 18 century) |
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| Pioneered studies in vaccination. He was interested in predisposing people to cowpox as a means of controlling smallpox. |
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| A measure of the degree of nonrandom agreement between observers of the same categorical variable. |
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| A list of postulates that should be met before a causative relationship can be accepted between a disease agent and the disease in question. |
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| An infection with no active multiplication of the agent , as when viral nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleus of a cell as a provirus. Only the genetic message is present in the host, not the viable organism. |
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| Overestimation of survival time, due to the backward shift in the starting point for measuring survival that arises when diseases such as cancer are detected early, as by screening procedures. |
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| A systematic error due to selection of disproportionate numbers of long-duration cases in one group but not in another. |
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| A summarizing technique used to describe the pattern of mortality and survival in populations. |
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| Conducted one of the first randomized trials on scurvy by administering lemons randomly to the crew of a ship during the 18th century. |
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| A statistical analysis which determines an individual’s risk of the outcome as a function of a risk factor. The outcome of interest has two categories. |
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| A study in which the exposure and non-exposure groups are ascertained. The groups are then followed up for several years into the future and incidence is measured. |
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| Study subject(s) who cannot or do not complete participation in a study for whatever reason. |
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