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| repetition of the same sound at the beginning of consecutive words |
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| indirect reference to another text, historical reference, or work of art |
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| teaching a difficult concept through use a simpler concept or story |
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| repetition of words at the beginning of consecutive clauses |
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| repetition of words or phrases in inverse order, used to sharpen contrast |
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| parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas |
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| use of words common to an earlier period |
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| leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses |
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| general reference to choice of pattern of development |
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| predisposition toward one side of an issue |
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| cause and effect (pattern of development) |
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| method of dividing occurrences into their elements to find relationships among them |
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| classification and division (pattern of development) |
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| method in which similarities and differences between subjects are examined |
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| reluctant acknowledgment of validity of opposing side |
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| brings essay to a close, often appeals to pathos |
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| major part of text; includes development of proof |
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