Term
| WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES OF POTENTIALS? |
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Definition
| 1) EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIAL, 2) RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL 3) GRADED POTENTIAL 4) ACTION PORENTIALS |
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Term
| WHAT ARE EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIALS DUE TO? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIALS DUE TO? |
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Definition
| LEAK CHANNELS AND NA/K ATPASE. THE NA/K ATPASE DOESN'T PLAY A ROLE IN THE EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIAL. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE GRADED POTENTIALS DUE TO? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT 2 CATEGORIES CAN GRADED POTENTIALS BE BROKEN DOWN INTO? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT MUST BIND BEFORE YOU START TO SEE A INCREASE IN MOVEMENT TOWARD THRESHOLD? |
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Definition
| A LIGAND. TO REACH THRESHOLD YOU MUST HAVE ENOUGH OF THE EPSPs BINDING TO ENOUGH LIGAND GATED CHANNELS TO BRING ENOUGH POSITIVE CHARGE INTO THE CELL TO BRING THE MEMBRANE POTENTAL FROM RMP TO THE THRESHOLD. |
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Term
| WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOU ADD ALL OF THE ESPS ALL THE WAY UP TO ABOUT 3 OR 4 MV BELOW THRESHOLD AND I STOP GENERATING EPSPS? |
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Definition
| IT WOULD COME RIGHT BACK DOWN AND THOSE CHANNELS WOULD CLOSE. THE NA/K ATPASE WOULD MOVE THE NA BACK OUT OF THE CELL AND MOVE K BACK INTO THE CELL. WE REESTABLISH EVERYTHING BACK TO THE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL. |
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Term
| IS THE THRESHOLD GRADED OR QUANTAL? WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? |
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Definition
| IT IS GRADED. I CAN GET THERE, I CAN COME CLOSE OF GETTING THERE, OR I COULD BE A ONG WAYS AWAY FROM THERE. |
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Term
| WHAT IS SUB THRESHOLD POTENTIAL? |
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Definition
| WHEN A CELL CAN'T QUITE REACH THE THRESHOLD AND IT REESTABLISHES ITS RMP |
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS TO A CELL THAT HAS A SUBTHRESHOLD POTENTIAL BEING GENERATED IN IT? |
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Definition
| NOTHING! IT GOES BACK TO REST. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THRESHOLD MEAN? |
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Definition
| THRESHOLD IS THE VOLTAGE AT WHICH VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS OPEN. |
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Term
| HOW MANY GATES DOES THE VOLTAGE GATED NA CHANNEL HAVE ON IT? |
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Definition
| 2 AND EXTERNAL ACTIVATION GATE AND AN INTERNAL INACTIVATION GATE |
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Term
| HOW MANT GATES DOES THE VOLTAGE GATED K CHANNEL HAVE ON IT? |
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Definition
| 1 WHICH IS THE ACTIVATION GATE |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE ACTIVATION AND INACTIVATION GATES DOING WHILE AT SUB THRESHOLD? HOW MUCH NA GETS THROUGH THIS CHANNEL? |
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Definition
| THE ACTIVATION GATE IS CLOSED AND THE INACTIVATION GATE IS OPEN. NO NA GETS THROUGH THE CHANNEL. |
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF CHARGE DOES A VOLTAGE GATED CHANNEL HAVE AT REST? HOW DO WE KNOW THE EXACT CHARGE? |
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Definition
| A NEGATIVE CHARGE. FROM THE RMP |
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Term
| WHAT CHARGE OF IONS ARE COMING THROUGH WHEN WE OPEN AN EXCITATORY LIGAND GATED CHANNEL? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW IS THE INACTIVATION VOLTAGE GATED NA CHANNEL OPEN? |
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Definition
| THROUGH THE POSITIVE CHARGE THAT CAME IN THROUGH A LIGAND GATED CHANNEL. AS SOON AS THE NA COMES IN FROM THE LIGAND GATED CHANNEL IT BINDS TO THE NEXT CHANNEL AND OPENS IT. SO WE NOW HAVE AN OPEN ACTIVATION GATE AND AN OPEN INACTIVATION GATE. THE CHANNEL IS NOT OPEN. SO WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN? NA IS GOING TO RUSH IN. |
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Term
| WHEN A LIGAND NA COMES IN WHAT KIND OF CHARGE DOES IT CAUSE? WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN WHEN NA COMES INTO THE CELL? WAHT IS THIS PROCESS KNOWN AS? |
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Definition
| A POSITIVE CHARGE. SO WHEN NA COMES IN IT IS GOING TO OPEN ITS VOLTAGE GATED NA NEIGHBOR. IF I ACTIVATE ONE OF THE VOLTAGE GATED NA CHANELS THAT IS GOING TO ALLOW NA TO COME IN AND THAT IS GOING TO ACTIVATE ITS NEIGHBOR. WHICH MEANS IF I NEVER ACTIVATE THE FIRST ONE NOT FO THEM ARE ACTIVATED. BUT IF I ACTIVATE 1 OF THEM, ALL OF THEM ARE ACTIVATED. THE ALL OR NONE PHENOMENON. |
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Term
| WILL THERE EVER BE A HALF WAY POTENTIAL? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS ARE FAST AND SLOW? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW DO VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNELS DEACTIVATE? |
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Definition
| THROUGH THE INACTIVATION GATE. IT SHUTS. AS SOON AS THE ACTIVATION GATES OPEN THE INACTIVATION GATE SLAMS SHUT. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE PERIOD CALLED AFTER DEPOLARIZATION? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 VARIETES THAT REFRACTORY PERIODS COME IN? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS IN THE ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD? |
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Definition
| WE CANNOT GENERATE ANOTHER ACTION POTENTIAL. 100% OF THE INATIVATION GATES ARE CLOSED. SO IF THE INACTIVATION GATE INSIDE THE CHANNEL IS DOESN'T MATTER IF THE ACTIVATION GATE IS OPEN OR NOT. |
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Term
| DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENS IN A REFRACTORY PERIOD? |
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Definition
| DURING AN ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD WHEN THE INACTIVATION GATES CLOSE, NOT ALL OF THOSE INACTIVATION GATES ARE GOING TO RESET AND REOPEN AT THE SAME TIME. SO IN A RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD WE HAVE A PARTIAL RESETTING OF INACTIVATION GATES. WHAT THIS MEANS IS THAT IF I HAVE A STRONGER STIMULUS I CAN GENERATE ANOTHER ACTION POTENTIAL. |
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Term
| WHAT PREVENTS RETROGRADE TRANSMISSION? |
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Definition
| BY CLOSING THE CHANNEL AND SETTING THE REFRACTORY PERIODS BEHIND AS WE MOVE DOWN THE NERVE OR PLASMA MEMBRANE. |
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Term
| WHICH VOLTAGE GATED NA CHANNEL GATES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REFRACTORY PERIOD? |
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Definition
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Term
| SINCE VOLTAGE GATED NA CHANNELS AND K VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS ARE OPEN AT THE SAME TIME WHY IS THERE STILL AN ACTION POTENTIAL? |
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Definition
| VOLTAGE GATED K CHANNELS ARE REALLY SLOW. WHEN THE CELL BEGINS TO REPOLARIZE IT IS SLOW. SO WE END UP WITH A MEMBRANE POTENTIAL ACTUALLY DIPING DOWN BELOW RMP. |
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Term
| WHAT IS HYPERPOLARIZATION DUE FROM? |
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Definition
| TOO MUCH K MOVING BACK INTO THE CELL. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH CHANNELS OR PLASMA MEMBRANE PROTEIN ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RMP? |
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Definition
| LEAK CHANNELS AND NA/K ATPASE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT GENERATES GRADED POTENTIAL? |
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Definition
| LIGAND GATED CHANNELS (CATION INFLUX OR ANION EFFLUX) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT CAUSES DEPOLARIZATION? |
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Definition
| VOLTAGE GATED NA CHANNELS OPENING |
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Term
| WHEN THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL EQUALS 0MV WHAT IS THE POLARITY OF THE CELL? WHAT IS IT CALLED WHEN THE CELL GETS TO THIS POINT? |
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Definition
| O. THERE IS NO CHARGE. IT IS NOTED THAT THE CELL IS DEPOLARIZED. |
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Term
| WHAT GENERATES THE THRESHOLD POINT? |
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Definition
| EVERYTHING FROM THE RMP UP TO THE THRESHOLD. ALL OF THIS IS CONSIDERED AN ACTION POTENTIAL |
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Term
| WHAT VOLTAGE GATES CHANNEL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACTION POTENTIAL? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOU BLOCK THE VOLTAGE GATES NA CHANNEL? |
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Definition
| YOU WOULDN'T HAVE AN ACTION POTENTIAL. IT WOULD BE A NONDEPOLARIZING BLOCKER. A LOT OF THE LOCAL ANESTHETICS WORK THIS WAY. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR REPOLARIZATION? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HYPERPOLARIZATION? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RE-ESTABLISHING PHASE? |
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Definition
| NA/K ATPASE. THEREFORE K IS MOVING BACK INTO THE CELL AND NA IS MOVING OUT. WE RE-ESTABLISH A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. |
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Term
| WHAT GRADIENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RMP? |
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Definition
| THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RMP BECAUSE THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT ESTABLISH THE EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIAL |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 4 PARTS OF A NEURON? |
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Definition
| CELL BODY AKA SOMA, THE AXON HILLOCTS, THE AXON, AND AT THE VERY END THERE IS A SYNAPTIC BOUTIN (TERMINAL). |
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Term
| THE MYELIN SHEATH IS COMPOSED OF WHAT TYPE OF CELLS? |
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Definition
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Term
| IS THE MYELIN SHEATH LIPID RICH? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS RELEVANT OF THE MYELIN BEING LIPID RICH? |
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Definition
| IF I HAVE SOME SORT OF CHARGE INSIDE OF THE AXON OR SOEM TYPE OF CHARGE OUTSIDE THE AXON AND IF THAT AXON IS WRAPPED BY THE SCHWANN CELLS IT CAN'T LEAK OUT OR ACROSS. |
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Term
| AT WHAT PLACES IS THE AXON IN CONTACT WITH THE EXTRACELLULAR ENVIRONMENT? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT CHANNELS ARE LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE NEURON? |
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Definition
| LEAK CHANNELS AND NA/K ATPASE ARE EVERYWHERE BECAUSE WE HAVE TO ESTABLISH RMP EVERYWHERE |
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Term
| WHAT CHANNELS ARE ONLY IN THE CELL BODY? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE ARE THE VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS LOCATED AT ON A NEURON? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE IS THE LOCATED THAT DETERMINES IF AN ACTION POTENTIAL IS SENT DOWN A NERVE OR NOT? |
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Definition
| THE NON-MYELINATED AREA BETWEEN THE CELL BODY AND THE AXON. IF THE VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS IN THE AXON HILLOCTS HIS THRESHOLD THE IMPULSE GOES DOWN THE LINE. |
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Term
| ARE THERE VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS AT THE NODES OF RANVIER? |
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Definition
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Term
| DESCRIBE SALUTATORY JUMPING. |
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Definition
| THE MYELIN SHEATH SPEEDS UP CONDUCTION. YOU JUMP FROM NODE TO NODE AND SO FORTH AND THE CONDUCTANCE VELOCITY IS MUCH QUICKER. |
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Term
| WHAT KIND OF CHANNELS ARE AT THE SYNAPTIC BOUTON? |
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Definition
| VOLTAGE GATES CALCIUM CHANNELS. |
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Term
| WHEN CALCIUM COMES INTO THE CELL AS A RESULT FROM DEPOLARIZATION OF THE SYNAPTIC BOUTON WHAT THEN HAPPENS? |
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Definition
| WHEN WE HAVE NA INSIDE OF THE SYNAPTIC BOUTON IT DEPOLARIZES THE MEMBRANE RIGHT DOWN HERE TO THE SYNAPTIC TERMINAL THAT ALLOS THE CALCIUM TO COME IN. THE CALCIUM INFLUX CAUSES VESICLE EXOCYTOSIS AND NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE. IF YOU BLOCK THAT YOU GET NO NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE. |
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