Term
| The three compartments of the ear are? |
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Definition
External (outer) ear
Middle ear
Inner (cochlea) ear |
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Term
| The three parts of the ear are for ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the receptors in the cochlea, responsible for hearing? |
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Definition
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Term
| The outer ear is composed of the |
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Definition
1. Auricle
2. External Auditory Meatus |
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Term
| The outer ear extends from the ____________ to the __________ where it is first ___________ and then ____________ |
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Definition
1. Auricle
2. Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
3. Elastic cartilage
4. Tympanic bone |
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Term
| What is the function of the Auricle? |
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Definition
1. Captures the mechanical energy or sound
2. Acts as resonator so it amplifes frequencies
3. Prevent front-back confusion of sound sources |
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Term
| The External Auditory Meatius is simple known as the what |
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Definition
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Term
| When the sound is transmitted to the tympanic membrane, what does it do to it? |
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Definition
| Vibrates the membrane (hence the name eardrum) |
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Term
| What is the middle ear filled with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the middle ear located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx? |
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Definition
The auditory tube
aka
eustachian tube |
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Term
| The auditory ossicles are composed of what three bones? |
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Definition
1. Stapes
2. Malleus
3. Incus |
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Term
| The Malleus handle is firmly fixed to the upper portion of the ________? |
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Definition
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Term
| The head of the Malleus is attached to the _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Incus is attached to the ___________ which is then attached to the wall of the _____________ |
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Definition
1. Head of the Stapes
2. Oval Window by the footplate |
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Term
| Unlike the middle ear, the Inner ear is filled with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 chambers (scalae) that the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane divide into? |
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Definition
1. Scala Vestibuli
2. Scala Media
3. Scala Tympani |
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Term
| Which two scalae contain perilympth? |
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Definition
1. Scala Vestibuli
2. Scala Tympani |
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Term
| Where do the Scala Vestibuli and Scala Tympani communicate at? |
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Definition
| At the apex of the cochlea called the helicotrema |
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Term
| The Scala Media contains what kind of fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Scala Vestibuli ends where? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Scala Tympani ends where? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Basilar membrane as you progress fromt he oval window towards the helicotrema the fibers become? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does high frequency resonance occur? |
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Definition
| At the base of the basilar membrane or aka at the oval window |
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Term
| Where does low frequency resonance occur? |
|
Definition
at the apex of the cochlea or aka
the helicotrema |
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Term
| Where is the Organ of Corti located? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Organ of Corti you can have both? |
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Definition
Inner Hair cells
Outer hair cells |
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Term
| What covers the outer hair cells |
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Definition
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Term
| The hair cells of the Organ of Corti are bathed in what kind of fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| The bases of hair cells are bathed in what kind of fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathway of sound |
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Definition
1. External auricle to
2. External Audiotry Meatius to
3. Tympanic Membrane to
4. Ossicles (3 bones) to
5. Cochlea
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Term
| ___________ sound is converted to an ________ |
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Definition
1. mechanical
2. Electrical signals |
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Term
| How are nerve impulses generated? |
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Definition
| By the vibrations of the hair cells in the Organ of Corti |
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Term
| If you have a higher amplitude then you hear a _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have a greater frequency then you have a ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: Noise is when there is no regular pattern |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: Musical sound is made with a complex wave that is regulary repeated |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How fast does a sound wave travel in air? in fresh water? |
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Definition
In air = 344 m/s or 770 mph
In fresh water = 1450 m/s
* faster in sea water |
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Term
| What are the units of frequency? |
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Definition
| number of waves per unit of time |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is responsible for the protection agaisnt loud sounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Contraction of what two things decrease the sound transmission and serves as a form of protection by decreasing the auditory receptors response? |
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Definition
The Tensor Tympani
Stapedius |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Describe Sound transmission |
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Definition
1. Sound creates a pressure change in the tympanic membrane
2. From tympanic membrane vibrations to malleus
3. Malleus vibrations to incus
4. Incus vibratations to stapes
5. Stapes vibrations to oval window
6. Oval Window to fluid in scala vestibuli
7. Hair bends
8. Inner Hair cells make an A.P in nerves
9. Outer hair cells amplify and clarify sounds
10. Cochlea transduces sound energy to electrical signal to go to brain
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Term
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Definition
| the Inner hair cells generate chagnes in membrane potential proportional to the direction and sitance the hair moves |
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Term
| How are electrical signals sent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do afferent fibers form the Organ of Corti have their cells bodies? |
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Definition
| in the spiral ganglion in the center part of the cochlea |
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Term
| Nerve fibers enter the ____________ of the pons |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: Secondary nerve fibers fromt he cochlear nuclei pass to opposite sides of the pons |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 routes the auditory impulses can pass? |
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Definition
1. to the inferior colliculi
2. Medial geniculate body
3. auditory cortex |
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Term
| What is th primary auditory cortex ? |
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Definition
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Term
| The auditory cortex functions as |
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Definition
1. a way to discriminate sound pitches and patterns
2. Detect the direction of the sound
3. Meaning of the sound |
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Term
| Conductive deafness occurs when there is an impaired sound transmission from the _______ or _______ |
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Definition
| External ear or Middle ear |
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Term
| True/False: Conductive deafness impacts all sound frequencies |
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Definition
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Term
| Conductive deafness can occur when______? |
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Definition
1. plug up of external auditory canals with ear wax or foreign objects
2. Otitis externa
3. Otitis media |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Otitis Externa is aka _____________ and is said to be a _______________ |
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Definition
1. Swimmer's ear
2. Inflammation of the outer ear |
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Term
| Otitis Media is __________________ caused by ____________________ |
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Definition
1. Inflammation of the inner ear
2. fluid build up |
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Term
| Sensorineural Deafness is most commonly a result of ___________? |
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Definition
| Loss of cochlear hair cells |
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Term
| What are some other ways Sensorineural deafness can occur? |
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Definition
1. Problem with the cochlear nerve
2. Problem with the central auditory pathway |
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Term
| What are some causes for sensorineural deafness? |
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Definition
1. Aminoglycoside antibiotics
2. prolonged noise exposure
3. Tumors on the 8 th CN |
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Term
| True/False: Streptomycin and Gentamicin can obstruct the mechanosensitive channels in the hair cells and cause the cells to dengerate which then causes sensironeural deafness. |
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Definition
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Term
What instrument determines auditory disabilities?
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Definition
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