Term
| What are the 5 sensations of taste? |
|
Definition
1. Sour
2. Sweet
3. Salty
4. Umami
5. Bitter |
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Term
| Sour taste is caused by _________ |
|
Definition
Acids
(H+ concentrations) |
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Term
| Sweet taste is caused by __________ |
|
Definition
Not just one compound
sugars, glycols, alcohols, A.A |
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|
Term
| Salt is caused by ___________ |
|
Definition
Na+ ions concentrations
or any cations |
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Term
| Bitter taste is caused by _____________ |
|
Definition
| Alkaloids and organic substances that have nitrogen in it |
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|
Term
| Umami is in foods that have what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kinds of foods have Umami? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the taste threshold for humans?
(from lowest to highest) |
|
Definition
| Bitter> sour> sweet = salty |
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|
Term
| Salty taste is trigger by NaCl that has a Na+ selective channel called what? |
|
Definition
ENaC or
Amiloride-sensitive epithelial Sodium Channel |
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|
Term
| When Na+ enters into the salt receptors what happens? |
|
Definition
| It depolarizes the membrane and creates a receptor potential |
|
|
Term
| When H+ enter for a sour taste what happens? |
|
Definition
1. H+ enter to the ENaCs
2. Block K+ sensitive channels
3. Since a decrease in K+ can lead to a depolarization
4. Can also enter to the Hyperpolarization- activated cyclic nucleotide gated cation channel ( HCN) |
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|
Term
| Umami taste is due to activation of what 2 kinds of receptors? |
|
Definition
1. metabotropic glutamate
2. ionotropic glutamate |
|
|
Term
| Which metabotropic glutamate receptor is Umami taste? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Umami receptors always produce a ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If something is bitter it is best to __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many bitter tastes come from_______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of receptors are included for a bitter taste? |
|
Definition
1. K+ selective channels
2. T2R |
|
|
Term
| T2R are receptors that cause what? |
|
Definition
1. G-protein aka gustducin
2. Binds and decreases cAMP
3. Increases IP3 and DAG
4. Creates a depolarization |
|
|
Term
| What is Quinine an example of? |
|
Definition
| a bitter compound that is permeable to the membrane |
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|
Term
| What receptor is responsible for a sweet taste? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are taste buds located on the human tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of taste buds? |
|
Definition
1. Circumvallate
2. Foliate
3. Fungiform |
|
|
Term
| Fungiform taste buds are located at the ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circumvallate taste buds are located at the ____________ |
|
Definition
Base of the tongue
(all the way in the back) |
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|
Term
| What are the four ways to innervate the taste buds? |
|
Definition
1. chorda tympani of the facial nerve
2. lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
3. Ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus
4. Gustatory cortex ( anterior insula frontal operculum) |
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|
Term
| What kind of cells are in a taste bud? |
|
Definition
1. Epithelial cells
2. Basal cells
3. Taste cells
4. Gustatory afferent nerve |
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Term
| An absence of sense of taste is called |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Diminished taste sensitivity is called |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| An unpleasant perception of taste is called |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are some things that causes Hypogeusia? |
|
Definition
1. Damage to the lingual or glossopharyngeal nerve
2. Neurological disorder
3. infections like amoeboid meninogencephalopathy
4. Vitamin B3 deficiency
5. Zinc deficiency
6. Age
7. Tobacco abuse |
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|
Term
| Dysgeusia is characterized by having what kinds of taste? |
|
Definition
Metallic
Salty
Rancid
Foul |
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