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| afferent information is referred to as ____ information |
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| stimuli in the environment act on receptors: any structure specialized to detect a stimulus |
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| stimuli in the environment act on receptors: any structure specialized to detect a stimulus |
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any device that converts one form of energy to another
ex: microphone; lightbulb; or gasoline engine |
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| sensory transducers convert __ to __ |
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| convert stimulus energy into electrochemical energy-a meaningful pattern of action potentials |
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| the process of converting stimulus energy to electrochemical energy |
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| local potential-a graded voltage change across the plasma membrane of the receptor cell |
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| a conscious awareness of a stimulus |
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| four kinds of information the sensory receptors transmit |
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| modality, location, intensity, and duration |
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| the type of stimulus or the sensation it produces |
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| vary depending on the location on the body |
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| ability of the brain to identify the site of stimulation |
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| pathways followed by sensory signals to their ultimate destinations in the CNS |
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sense the position and movement of the body or its parts
occur in muscles, tendons and joint capsules |
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| sense stimuli external to the body; they include teh receptors for vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, and cutaneous pain |
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| pain is mediated by these; its own special nerve fibers |
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| myelinated fibers produce sensation of ___ pain |
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| unmyelinated pain fibers produce ____pain |
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| pain from the muscles, skin and joints |
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| most potent pain stimulus known-intensely painful and injected underneath the skin |
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| the term referring to pain-relieving mechanisms taht are just beginning to be understood |
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| -two analgesic oligopeptides that bind to the receptors that opium and morphine do |
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