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An indirect reference; often to another text or a historic event
*Used to introduce variety into an argument |
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A short account of an interesting event
*Used to give more incite into the narrators life |
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Explanatory or critical notes added to a text
*Used to aid the reader |
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A statement put forth and supported by evidence
*Used to inform the reader |
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An emphatic statement; declaration
*Used to emphasize a point |
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A belief or statement taken for granted with out proof
*Used to display the credibility of the narrator as some what presumptuous. |
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The speakers position on a subject as revealed through his/her tone
*Used to show the reader the position of the narrator |
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One's listener or reader; those whom a speech or a piece of writing is addressed
*Someone that watches a play |
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A reliable, respected source-- someone with knowledge
*Used to show the reader that the source is credible |
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Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue
*Used to show the reader the position of the narrator |
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Identifying a part of a piece of writing from a source
*Gives credit to the author of the source |
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An assertion usually supported by evidence
*Informs the reader |
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A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary and other literary/structural elements of text
*Gives the reader a better understanding of the text/informs |
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Shared beliefs, values or positions
*Shows the reader a middle to two sides |
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A reluctant acknowledgement or yeilding
*Informs |
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Explination of a text's meaning through an analysis of all of its constituent parts, including the literary devices; also called close reading
*Aids the reader/informs |
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A greek term for referring to the character of a person; one of three appeals
*Appeals to the ethical person/argument |
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Information that is true
*Informs the reader |
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Words, events or circumstances that help determine meaning
*Informs the reader |
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A challenge to a position; an opposing argument
*informs the reader |
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Worthy of belief; trustworthy
*Aids the reader in making a decision on what side he/she stands on an argument by the truth of the sources |
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Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone
*Makes the reader empathetic with the narrator |
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Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing
*To give credit to the author of a source within the piece |
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Word choice
*Used to form the pieces tone, style...etc. |
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A double-column journal in which one writes a quotation in one column and reflections on that quote in the other column
*Study aid |
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Reasoning from general to specific
*organizes the piece |
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A distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing
*The style of the author |
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Artful diction; the use of language in a non-literal way; also called figure of speech
*Adds interest to the piece |
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A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph , that announces the paragraphs idea and often unites it with the works thesis
*Organizes the paragraph |
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The speakers attitude toward the subject and the audience
*Informs the reader on the attitude of the narrator |
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The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer
*Organizes the piece's topics into one opening statement |
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Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex
*Adds complexity to the piece |
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Sentence structure
*Adds to the piece |
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The topic addressed in a piece of writing
*The main focus of the author and reader |
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The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech
*Gives a distinctive lead to the author |
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| Author, or the person whose perspective is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing |
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| A book, article, person or other resource consulted for information |
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| Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect |
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| The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions-- such as a simple, compound, complex or compound-complex sentences |
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| A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect |
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| An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it |
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| A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer |
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| Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis and argumentation |
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| The study of effective, persuasive language use |
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| To discredit an argument, particularly a counterarument |
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| Ones intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing |
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| A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than to present information |
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Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.
Major Premise: All mammals are warm-blooded
Minor Premise: All horses are mammals
Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded |
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| An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics or religion |
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| The speaker, voice or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing |
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| A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of three appeals |
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| A piece that imitates or exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule |
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| The relative speed or slowness with which a story is told or an idea is presented |
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| An all-knowing, usually third person narrator |
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| An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing |
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| Retelling an event or series of events |
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| A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of three appeals |
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| Reasoning from specific to general |
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| Urging, or strongly encouraging |
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| A word, or phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence |
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| A construction in which one word modifies or governs-- often in different, sometimes incongruent ways-- two or more words in a sentence |
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| Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect |
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| A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit |
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| A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major or minor premise |
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| The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence |
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| Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies the independent clause |
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| A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position |
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| A statement containing a subject and a verb; an independent clause |
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| A comparison using "like" or "as" |
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| A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject and the audience |
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| A word used to replace a noun or noun phrase |
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| The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions |
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| Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects |
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| A sentence that builds toward and ends with the main clause |
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| The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns |
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| A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true |
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| Turning a verb or adjective into a noun |
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| A word, phrase or clause that qualifies or describes another word, phrase or clause |
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| Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole |
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| A comparison that does not use "like" or "as" |
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| Placement of two things side by side for emphasis |
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| A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result |
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| A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject |
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| A sentence that requires or commands |
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| Vivid use of language that evokes a readers senses |
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| Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis |
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| An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning |
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| The use of figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect |
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| The literal meaning of a word; dictionary definition |
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| A sentence that makes a statement |
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| An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail |
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| Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as "and", or "but" |
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| That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the words literal meaning |
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| A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause |
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| An informal or conversational use of language |
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| Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses |
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| The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language |
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| A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun |
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| A short, astute statement of a general truth |
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| Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas |
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| The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast |
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| The noun to which a later pronoun refers |
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| An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things |
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| The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words |
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