Term
| Why did the French generally have better relations with the Native Americans than the English? |
|
Definition
| The French actively sought alliances |
|
|
Term
| What was the most prosperous European colonial empire on North America in the Mid-eighteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first European city established in the U.S.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What motivated Spanish expansion up the California coastline? |
|
Definition
| Rumors of Russian movement |
|
|
Term
| What were the results of the Spanish mission system? |
|
Definition
| Decline of Native Americans by a fourth |
|
|
Term
| What was the most profitable French enterprise in North America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the Puritans of New England establish the tradition of republican rule and local autonomy? |
|
Definition
| they allowed church members to run their own affairs |
|
|
Term
| What did religious persecutions in massachusetts bay include? |
|
Definition
| the exile of religious dissenters |
|
|
Term
| What serious problem did New England face by the middle of the eighteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How were the middle colonies of New York and Pennsylvania quite similar? |
|
Definition
| They were both ethnically diverse |
|
|
Term
| Why were the middle colonies more tolerant of those of different religious faiths? |
|
Definition
| Because of their ethnic diversity |
|
|
Term
| what religious group founded Pennsylvania, and how important was that religious group in the development of Pennsylvania? |
|
Definition
| The Quakers; they faded quickly |
|
|
Term
| What characterized southern colonies? |
|
Definition
-rural
-agricultural
-anglican
-authoritarian |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to say that the south had a tri-racial society? |
|
Definition
| They had slaves, colonists and Indians |
|
|
Term
| What were immigrants called who exchanged years of servies in the New World for passage across the Atlantic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the colonists justify taking lands from the native Americans? |
|
Definition
| They said that the native americans weren't using it well |
|
|
Term
| Why did British colonies grow more rapidly in the eighteenth century than did French and Spanish colonies? |
|
Definition
| Because they encouraged Englishmen and foreigners to immigrate |
|
|
Term
| What did the Plantation Act of 1740 permit? |
|
Definition
| It permitted non-British to become citizens of the colonies |
|
|
Term
| What were the largest number of immigrants from who came to British North America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the lives of African slaves differ from those of indentured servants? |
|
Definition
| Slaves had no prospects for the future |
|
|
Term
| Why did the English colonies frow more radpidly than those of France and Spain? |
|
Definition
| They were farther from the mother country |
|
|
Term
| WHo were the "strolling poor?" |
|
Definition
| landless people roaming in search of work |
|
|
Term
| Why was British North America said to be unusually democratic for the eighteenth century? |
|
Definition
| taxation and spending were controlled by election leaders |
|
|
Term
| What was a major reason that colonial assemblies gained power in relation to the colonial governors? |
|
Definition
| they controlled the purse strings |
|
|
Term
| Where did the map of ethnic groups in eighteenth century british north america show that most of the scots-irish were located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What book did New England colonist, who were the most lilterate in the Atlantic world, often use to learn to read? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Puritan minister was a defender of the old order and believed in witches but also embraced some aspects of enlighenment thought and even advocated inoculation for small pox? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Enlightenment ideas were promoted in Poor Richard's Almanac, published by Benjamin Franklin? |
|
Definition
| The Enlightenment emphasis on useful and practical knowledge |
|
|
Term
| To what does the term 'Half-Way Convenant" refer? |
|
Definition
| allowed the children of members participate in most church activities without a conversion |
|
|
Term
| What movement challenged the rationalist approach to religion in the early eighteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Massachusetts minister sparked the religious revivalism in the Puritan colonies in the 1730s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Anglican minister from England brought the Freat Awakening to the colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was the Plan of Union proposed by the Albany Conference rejected by the colonial assemblies? |
|
Definition
| to maintain individual power |
|
|
Term
| What were the three principal flash points of conflict in North America? |
|
Definition
| The North Atlantic coast, Niagra Falls and Ohio |
|
|
Term
| What policies of William Pitt led to ultimate British Victory in the Secen Years War? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| french speaking farmers of Acadia |
|
|
Term
| How did the colonists respond to the Proclamation of 1763? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the paxton boys? |
|
Definition
| a mob of pennsylvanians that killed 20 indians |
|
|
Term
| Why was British North America fertile ground for the growth of republican principles? |
|
Definition
| Property ownership, popular vote, and history |
|
|
Term
| To what does the term "virtual representation" refer? |
|
Definition
| parliament represented citizens |
|
|
Term
| To what does the term "actual representation" refer? |
|
Definition
| direct relationship between citizens and leaders |
|
|
Term
| Who were the sons of liberty? |
|
Definition
| organization to curb radicalism |
|
|
Term
| Why did Parliament repeal the Stamp Act in March 1767? |
|
Definition
| They were willing to compromise |
|
|
Term
| How many colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress and what resolutions did they pass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What changes does the map of the Seven Years war show in regard to European territiorial claims in North America? |
|
Definition
| The British gained Florida |
|
|
Term
| Why did the colonists object to monies from the Revenue Acts of 1767 being used to pay the salaries of royal officials in America? |
|
Definition
| they believed the colonial assemblies should pay government officials |
|
|
Term
| What was the main way the colonists protested the Townshend Revenues Acts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the daughters of liberty aid the nonimportation movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What resulted from the Boston Massacre? |
|
Definition
| The British troops retreated |
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose of the Tea Act of 1773? |
|
Definition
| to keep the East India Company from bankruptcy |
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose of the Tea Act of 1773? |
|
Definition
| to keep the East India Company from bankruptcy |
|
|
Term
| Why was the Boston Tea Party held? |
|
Definition
| to resolve the impasse of the tea ships |
|
|
Term
| Why were the colonists alarmed by the Quebec Act? |
|
Definition
| it granted religious tolerance |
|
|
Term
| Why did Canadians reject the overtures of the Second Continental Congress suggesting they unite against the British? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the stance of the British colonies in jamaica, Grenada, Bermuda, and barbados toward the american colonies' struggle? |
|
Definition
| they were sympathetic to the struggle but prohibited by the british |
|
|
Term
| What did the Englishman THomas Paine argue in Common Sense? |
|
Definition
| Aristocracy and Monarchy aren't good for America |
|
|
Term
| What events led to the Declaration of INdependence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two foreign powers approved the shipping of supplies to the rebellious colonies in 1776? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the only clear American advantage at the end of 1777? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the militias, and how reliable were they? |
|
Definition
| unprofessional & unreliable |
|
|
Term
| What roles did women play in the War for Independence? |
|
Definition
| support, relief, ammunition, nurses, spies |
|
|
Term
| Who were the loyalists, and how many colonists were loyalists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of people tended to be loyalists? |
|
Definition
| born in Britain, discriminated, scared |
|
|
Term
| Who was the most infamous American supporter of the British cause, and why did he betray his American military post? |
|
Definition
| Benedict Arnold; he was angry about a promotion under his rank |
|
|
Term
| What was the British plan in 1776? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened in the battles in New York and New Jersey in the summer and fall of 1776? |
|
Definition
| washington was pushed out of NYC |
|
|
Term
| What happened at the Battle of Trenton and waht new strategy did Washington adopt after that battle |
|
Definition
| defensive strategy of avoiding confrontation |
|
|
Term
| What was the setting of the American victory in October 1777, and why was this victory significant? |
|
Definition
| Shows the americans had a chance to win |
|
|
Term
| why was the battle of saratoga important? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened after the American victory at saratoga? |
|
Definition
| France signed an alliance |
|
|
Term
| What traditional enemies of Great Britain loaned the Americans money during 1777 and 1778? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was George Rogers Clark? |
|
Definition
| captured several British posts |
|
|
Term
| Where did the British enjoy victory after victory in the south between 1778 and 1780, and what was their biggest victory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who made up the "etheopean corps?" |
|
Definition
| former slaves fighting for britain |
|
|
Term
| Who was Nathaniel Greene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where did the british surrender and why? |
|
Definition
| Yorktown; they were trapped by Washington |
|
|
Term
| Who was General Charles O;Hara? |
|
Definition
| He was sent by Cornwallis to surrender |
|
|
Term
| What authority did congress have under the articles of confederation? |
|
Definition
| to establish coinage, negotiate peace, settle disputes, regulate trade |
|
|
Term
| Why did Maryland hold up ratification for three years? |
|
Definition
| they waited for other states to cede to them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what does the term "not worth a continental" refer? |
|
Definition
| to things of little or no value |
|
|
Term
| why did those commissioners violate their instructions from congress? |
|
Definition
| because of rumors of french manipulation |
|
|
Term
| What was the Newburgh conspiracy? |
|
Definition
| the military's demand for conpensation in 1783 |
|
|
Term
| What problems did the U.S. experience in the trans-appalachian west following the american revolution? |
|
Definition
| occupation, opposition, willingness, violence |
|
|
Term
| What legislation provided for the survey and sale of western lands? |
|
Definition
| the land ordinance of 1785 |
|
|
Term
| What legislation provided for the organization and government of the territory north of the ohio river? |
|
Definition
| the northwest ordinance of 1787 |
|
|
Term
| How was the northwest ordinance revised to try to prevent squatters? |
|
Definition
| congressionally appointed territorial governors were added |
|
|
Term
| What was the virginia declaration of rights? |
|
Definition
| sovereignty lays with the people written by George Mason |
|
|
Term
| Who as the most famous african american writer in the late eighteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What african american was one of the most accomplished mathematicians and astronomers of late eighteenth century america? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On what did Shay's rebellion lead conservative nationalists to insist? |
|
Definition
| a stronger central government |
|
|
Term
| How did the Shay's rebellion end? |
|
Definition
| the militia killed 15 of his followers |
|
|
Term
| What were the causes of Shay's rebellion? |
|
Definition
| low crop prices, debt relief, def. property, farmers |
|
|
Term
| What were the causes of the depression of the mid-1780s? |
|
Definition
| the deficit with Britain, huge debt, inflation, lack of coinage |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the convention at which a resolution passed requesting that states send delegates to later convetions to develop a national constitution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is know as the "father of the constitution?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What agreement was violated by those who advocated for and later attended the Philadelphia convention of 1787? |
|
Definition
| the terms of the proposal of the convention |
|
|
Term
| What type of government did the majority of the delegates at the philadelphia convention advocate? |
|
Definition
| republic with checks and balances |
|
|
Term
| What did the Virginia Plan include? |
|
Definition
-elected by the people
-direct tax
-elected senate
-state authority |
|
|
Term
| What did the Great Compromise include? |
|
Definition
-the 3/5 rule
-representation of all states
-federal regulation of trade
-return slaves from free states |
|
|
Term
| What did the constitution do in regard to the issue of slavery? |
|
Definition
| ensured the continuation of slavery |
|
|
Term
| What did the anti-federalists believe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Madison argue for int he Federalist essays? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What freedoms does the Bill of Rights include? |
|
Definition
| speech, press, religion, testify, double jeopardy |
|
|
Term
| What did Hamilton's fiscal program of 1790 include? |
|
Definition
| debts, foreign debt, domestic debt, bonds |
|
|
Term
| Over what issue did Hamilton and Madison first begin to disagree? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What group of Americans gained and interest in the government's success due to Hamilton's fiscal program? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Washington issue a proclamation of neutrality in April 1793? |
|
Definition
| he feared war with Britain |
|
|
Term
| What fundamental problem led to the Indiana wars and the defeat of Harmar and St. Clair in 1790 and 1791? |
|
Definition
| getting land vs. treating indians well |
|
|
Term
| What did the British hope to do by retaining the northwest posts around the Great Lakes? |
|
Definition
| to continue the fur trade and establish an indian zone |
|
|
Term
| What did the suppression of the "Whiskey Rebellion" indicate? |
|
Definition
-enforce its authority
-served well-connected
--preserving the union
-Washington overreacted |
|
|
Term
| What resulted from the battle of fallen timbers? |
|
Definition
| General Anthony Wayne defeated the Ohio Indians |
|
|
Term
| What did Jay's Treaty and Pinckney's Treaty together allow the Unites States to do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Pinckney's Treaty do? |
|
Definition
| Florida, Mississippi, Jay, Appalachians |
|
|
Term
| Who did Washington select as Secretary of War? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish? |
|
Definition
| Federal courts hear state appeals |
|
|
Term
| What did the second major component of Hamilton's fiscal program establish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Washington argue for in his Farewell Address? |
|
Definition
| little political connection with Europe |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Federalist-controlled congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts? |
|
Definition
| political opposition to the authority |
|
|
Term
| What did the jeffersonian republicans do in reaction to the alien and sedition acts? |
|
Definition
| rights, groundwork, V&K, authority |
|
|
Term
| What did the election of 1800 mark? |
|
Definition
| the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another |
|
|
Term
| Who led the Jeffersonian Republicans do following the retirement of Madison? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What problems were faced by the Spanish in maintaining their colonial empire? |
|
Definition
-illegal trade
-Russians
-revolts
-inroads |
|
|
Term
| What characterized Russian expansion into Alaska? |
|
Definition
-Aleuts
-intermarriage
-overhunting
-Russia |
|
|
Term
| To whom does the term subsistence farmers refer? |
|
Definition
| Kentucky, Pennsylvania, New York, Indiana |
|
|
Term
| To what does the term "flower of American shipbuilding" refer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was Jefferson's inauguration important in American history? |
|
Definition
| it was the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another |
|
|
Term
| Why did Jefferson advocate a policy of national expansion? |
|
Definition
-opportunities
-Malthus
-yeoman
-land |
|
|
Term
| Why was the case Marbury v. Madison important? |
|
Definition
| It established judiciary review |
|
|
Term
| Why did Napolean sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States? |
|
Definition
| Because his troops lost in Haiti |
|
|
Term
| How did Jefferson explain buying the Louisiana Territory? |
|
Definition
| more land = ensured rights |
|
|
Term
| How was the mixed population of New Orleans able to reatin a measure of the rights and freedoms it enjoyed under French law? |
|
Definition
| Because French law ensured the protections |
|
|
Term
| How did the United States argue that its neutral rights were being violated? |
|
Definition
-ships
-ships
-ships
-once, always |
|
|
Term
| What was Jefferson's Indian policy like? |
|
Definition
| It had good intentions but was destructive |
|
|
Term
| Why did Tecumseh reject treaties? |
|
Definition
| He believed that the land was theirs and you could not give away what was the common peoples' |
|
|
Term
| what resulted from the battle of tippecanoe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what did teh war hawks want? |
|
Definition
| to end supression in florida |
|
|
Term
| Why did the american attacks on Canada fail? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What resulted from the war against the southern Indian peoples during the War of 1812? |
|
Definition
| The creeks lost over half of their land |
|
|
Term
| What did the treaty of Ghent settle? |
|
Definition
| the war but no other problems |
|
|
Term
| What does Monroe's adoption of the American system show? |
|
Definition
| they both promoted economic growth |
|
|
Term
| What does the fact that the Second Bank of the United States was chartered show? |
|
Definition
| Strong Commercial Interest |
|
|
Term
| What made possible the era of good feelings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the Adams-Onis Treaty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did John Quincy Adams do as Secretary of State? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the Monroe Doctrine do? |
|
Definition
| European, European, European, European |
|
|
Term
| What resulted form the Panic of 1819? |
|
Definition
| resentments Jackson take advantage of |
|
|
Term
| What were the causes of the Panic of 1819? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the Missouri Compromise allow the south to do? |
|
Definition
| protect its interest in the senate |
|
|
