Term
Weather
Amount of water vapor in atmosphere |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
heat added or subracted to a substance without a change in temperature
- absorbed or released during change in state
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Term
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Definition
| amount of water vapor in the air |
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Term
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Definition
air can only hold so much moisture at certain temperatures
- can hold more water at higher temps
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Term
Weather
Specific Humidity
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Definition
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Term
Weather
Relative Humidity |
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Definition
| ratio of the air's actual water content to it's potential water vapor capacity at a given temp |
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Term
Weather
Temp to saturation |
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Definition
| Tempurature goes up, so does saturation |
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Term
Weather
2 things that can change relative humidity |
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Definition
| Amount of H2O in the air or tempurature |
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Term
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Definition
| temp to which air would have to be cooled to reach saturation |
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Term
Weather
How to form a cloud |
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Definition
| air must be saturated with H2O |
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Term
Weather
Adiabatic Cooling |
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Definition
as air pressure decreases, temp decreases
- air pressure decreases with altitude
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Term
Weather
4 Ways to lift air to higher altitude |
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Definition
- Orographic lifting-elevated terrain pushes air upward
- Frontal Wedging- warm air rises over cold air
- Convection- warm air rises
- Convergence- 2 air masses come togeter and rise
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Term
Weather
Ingredients for a cloud
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Definition
| Water, change in pressure, dust smoke or salt |
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Term
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Definition
- Stratus- sheets or layers, cover sky, no individuals
- Cirrus- high altitude, white thin whispy
- Cumulus- globular, rising, puffy, large or small
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Term
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Definition
| small particles eventually condense further and heavy enough to fall |
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Term
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Definition
| result of horozontal differences in air pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| mass of the air includes a pressure, measured in milibars |
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Term
Weather
3 affecting factors of winds |
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Definition
- Pressure gradient-bigger difference between high and low, stronger wind
- Coriolis effect-change in wind direction due to spin of earth (most storms counter clockwise)
- Friction-upper flow much faster than surface, wind travels faster over lakes
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Term
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Definition
| surface wind flow counter clockwise into low pressure center |
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Term
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Definition
| surface wind flows out of high pressure system |
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Term
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Definition
| winds created on small scale by mountains or large water bodies |
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Term
Weather
Doppler Radar predicts: |
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Definition
- reflectivity (density)
- velocity
- precipitation
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Term
Weather
Lakes in summer and winter |
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Definition
| absorb heat during summer which keeps areas cooler in summer and warmer in winter |
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Term
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Definition
| cold, dry air passes over warm, open lake and absorbs moisture. |
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Term
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Definition
| warm air rises over cold air. stratus and cirrus clouds. moderate precipitaion. affects large area |
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Term
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Definition
| cold air runs into warm. forms cumulus clouds. heavy precipitation. small area |
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Term
Weather
Westerly Winter Storm |
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Definition
| blasts of cold air from Canada and Dakotas. moves fast. 1-3 in of snow |
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Term
Weather
Mid Latitude Cyclone System |
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Definition
| severe storm lasting days. 20 in of snow. low pressure forms in central US. air spins up. upper air supports low pressure |
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Term
Weather
Severity of storm depends on:
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Definition
| Upper air support, moisture content, temp difference |
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Term
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Definition
| warm humid air is lifted up by convection or a cold front |
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Term
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Definition
| occur in spring in central US. northern wind and souther wind collide. late afternoon |
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Term
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Definition
| biggest storm in world. energy derived from very late summer water. June-Oct. |
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Term
Weather
More energy to boil or melt? |
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Definition
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Term
Climate
Sources of greenhouse gases |
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Definition
- CO2- burning fossil fuels
- CH4- cows and landfills, decomposition
- N20 and CFC- human generated pollution
- H2O- non human evaporation, human industry
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Term
Climate
How does CO2 leave the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| taken out by plants, algae, and ocean |
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Term
Climate
Evidence of Global Warming (Direct) |
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Definition
| polar ice has thinned. winter is 2 weeks shorter in Alaska. shifted migratory habits. hottest years since 1980. |
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Term
Climate
Effect Global Climate |
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Definition
- distance from the sun, tilt, and spin not consistant
- ocean currents can radically effect climate
- salinity of ocean
- mass on earth is not equally distrubuted
- ice caps reflect energy into space
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Term
Climate
Possible Effects of Global Warming |
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Definition
- Global temp increase (Ice age in +/-5 shift)
- increased precipitation in winter
- longer severe droughts
- Higher sea levels
- Biome shift
- increase diseases, malaria, typhoidect
- heat waves
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Term
Climate
Possible Good Things |
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Definition
- CO2 is a plant growth hormone
- higher temp= higher crop production
- heat waves are deadly but so is cold
- sulfates are released, reflect sunlight which cools the earth
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Term
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Definition
| 159 countries meet to discuss global warming. was agreed to cut CO2 emissions by 8%. never enforced |
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Term
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Definition
| credit for having lots of forrests |
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Term
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Definition
| Limit CO2 emissions. Give each person credits they can use to pollute. allow credits to be bought and traded. credit given for investing in clean energy in developing nations |
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Term
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Definition
| warm west wind that hits Peru around Christmas. 3-7 years. poor fishing. flooding |
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Term
Climate
US effects of El Niño |
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Definition
| Very wet and cool in southern states, warmer in northern states |
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Term
Climate
wisconsin effect of El Niño |
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Definition
| Warmer winter, possible more intense blizzards and more snow |
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Term
Climate
major effect of 1982-1983 El Nino |
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Definition
| 8 billion in damages with no warning. Massive monitoring system put in place |
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Term
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Definition
| Return to normal pattern. Exaggerated normal conditions |
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Term
Evolution
evidence of evolution |
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Definition
| All life runs on same genetic system. All life shares basic cell structrure. |
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Term
evolution
ontogeny vs phylogeny |
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Definition
| Development of organism from contraception to birth vs organisms evolutionary history |
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Term
Evolutions
two things needed to evolve |
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Definition
| Way to evolve and a reason to evolve |
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Term
Evolution
Jean Baptiste Lamarack |
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Definition
| Organisms changed based on use. Passed to next generation |
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Term
Evolution
aquired inheritance |
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Definition
| Characteristics are acquired by parents and then passed to children |
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Term
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Definition
| Contribution-earth must be old |
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Term
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Definition
| Not quite fully seperate. Horses and donkeys |
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Term
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Definition
| Share an area but separated by functions. Polar and grizzly bears, fireflies and birds |
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Term
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Definition
| Geographic separation. madagascar and australia |
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Term
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Definition
| Relative reproductive success of a characteristic |
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Term
Evolution
2 theories on African migration |
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Definition
| Left Africa and spread north or left at different times |
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Term
Water
functions of the water cycle |
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Definition
| Transport and clean water |
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Term
Water
most of usable water |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Water flows through different aquifers at different rates |
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Term
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Definition
| Impermeable to water. Clay or shale |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Water
unconfined aquifers |
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Definition
| Open to recharge from above |
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Term
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Definition
| Aquifer underneath an aquiclude |
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Term
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Definition
| Are where water is allowed to infiltrate the water table |
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Term
Water
function of the water table |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Slope of surface, vegitation, surface material, rainfall intensity |
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Term
Water
effluent vs influent |
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Definition
| water table flows into stream vs stream flows into water table |
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Term
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Definition
| Minerals dissolved into water |
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Term
Water
salt water intrusion |
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Definition
| Freach water is removed and salt water flows into aquifer |
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Term
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Definition
| Contamination from poorly managed septic tanks or land fills |
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Term
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Definition
| Present in human digestive system. |
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Definition
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