Term
| What is the longest bone in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones are there in the body? Why might this number vary? |
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Definition
| 206, because sesamoid bones (small nodules) nay or may not develop as extras |
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Term
| What is the name of the one moveable skull bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two types of ossification? Briefly compare the two. |
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Definition
Intramembranous- occurs within membrane, includes flat bones of skull, lower jaw, clavicle, osteoblasts put down spicules, which then form into spongy bones. surface of new bone covered in periosteum, osteoblasts form layer of compact bone
endochondral- more common and complex, occur within cartilage |
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Term
| List and describe two skeletal disorders. |
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Definition
arthritis- inflammation of joints
osteoporosis- bone loss due to low calcium intake, lack of exercise, decrease in estrogen |
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Term
| List 4 functions of the skeletal system. |
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Definition
1. support/protection
2. body movement
3. blood cell formation
4. storage of inorganic salts |
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Term
| Describe 2 differences between male and female skeletons. |
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Definition
| The female's coccyx is more moveable and their pelvic bones are lighter and thinner. The pubic arch is at more of an angle and the pelvic girdle is too. Helps child birth. |
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Term
| List 6 types of joints (articulations) and give an example of each. |
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Definition
1. ball and socket- hip and shoulder
2. condyloid- between metacarpals and phalanges
3. gliding- between carsals and tarpals
4. hinge- surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another ie. elbow
5. pivot- bone rotates on a ring and rotates around a central axis ie. skull w/ atlas
6. saddle- have concave and convex regions ie. carpal and metacarpal of thumb |
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Term
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Definition
| tough, vascular covering of fibrous tissue functions in the formation and repair of bone tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| opening that leads to the internal ear |
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Term
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Definition
| opening in the lower surface, nerve fibers pass through |
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Term
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Definition
| largest foramen in the body, located on coxae |
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Term
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Definition
| soft, membranous areas on a baby's head (soft spots) |
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Term
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Definition
| rounded processes on each side of foramen magnum |
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Term
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Definition
| covers the surface of each epiphysis |
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Term
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Definition
-produces red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelets
-functions in fat storage, inactive in blood cell formation |
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Term
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Definition
-shaft of bone
-expanded portion at each end, articulas joint with another bone |
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Term
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Definition
-porous, irregular interconnecting spaces between bony plates
-tightly packed bone tissue |
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Term
| simple fracture/compound fracture |
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Definition
-break protected by uninjured skin
-broken bone exposed by break in skin |
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Term
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Definition
-bone forming
-bone destroying |
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Term
| What is the predominant organ or the skeletal system? Tissue? Cell? List and describe the 4 bone cell types. |
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Definition
organ-bone
tissue-bone tissue
cell-osteocyte
1. osteogenitor- bone stem cells
2. osteoblast-bone forming
3. osteocytes- mature bone cell
4. osteoclast- bone destroying |
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Term
| List the 5 parts of long bone structure. |
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Definition
| epiphysis, articular cartilage, diaphysis, periostem, medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| projections on bones, sites of attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| hole, allows passage of blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| shallow depression in bone surface |
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Term
| What is arthritis? List and describe two main types. |
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Definition
osteoarthritis- results from aging
rheumatoid- severe form that may occur at young age |
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Term
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Definition
| process of bone formation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| simple fracture/ compound fracture |
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Definition
-break protected by uninjured skin
-broken bone exposed by an opening in a skin |
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Term
| List the 6 types of bones. Give examples of where each may be found |
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Definition
1. long, arm 2. short, ankle 3. flat, cranium 4. irregular, vertebrae 5. sesamoid- patella 6. sutural, skull
polydactely- grow extra bones/ toes |
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Term
| What is the location and function of the hyoid bone? |
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Definition
| Supports the tongue, located in neck between mandible and larynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| hold the pieces of the brain together |
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Term
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Definition
| cavities in your head that makes your head lighter |
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Term
| List/give the number of the three types of vertebrae from superior to inferior position. |
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Definition
| cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5) |
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Term
| What are 3 functions of the thoracic cage? List the 3 parts of the sternum from superior to inferior. |
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Definition
| Supports shoulder girdle and arms, protects visceral organs, functions in breathing |
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Term
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Definition
-first vertebra, supports and balances the head
-2nd vertebra, long, pointed processes that slope downward |
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Term
| true ribs/false ribs/floating ribs |
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Definition
-first 7 pairs, join to sternum directly
-5 pairs, no cartilaginous attachment
-have no cartilaginous attachment to sternum |
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Term
| List the two pairs of bones that make up the pectoral girdle. |
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Definition
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Term
| What anatomical feature permits increased mobility of the scaupla? |
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Definition
| They are free floating and only attached by muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in the lower arm, lies medially to the radius |
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Term
| carpals/metacarpals/phalanges |
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Definition
- 8 small bones in the wrist
-5 bones of palm
-3 bones of fingers |
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Term
| List three parts of the coxal bone. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name and describe the two most significant tarsal bones. |
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Definition
Tallus-joins leg and foot
calcaneus- helps to support/balance weight of body;heel |
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Term
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Definition
| depression in the lateral surface of each coxal bone that receives the rounded head of femur |
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Term
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Definition
| largest foramen in skeleton, found in hip bone |
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Term
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Definition
thigh bone
shin bone, largest bone of lower leg
bone in lower leg, medial side |
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Term
| tarsals/metatarsals/phalanges |
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Definition
7 bones that make up ankle
5 elongated bones form ball of foot
toe bones |
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Term
| List the 3 general types of joints. |
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Definition
| fibrous (immoveable), cartilaginous (slightly moveable), synovial (freely moveable) |
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Term
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Definition
| secrets fluid that acts as joint fluid |
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Term
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Definition
fluid-filled sacs located between skin and bony proturbances
joint behind the knee |
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